Paediatric

Question 1

What are the normal ranges of Paed SBP?

Answer 1

Neonate - 60-70
6mnts-1yr - 70-100
2-5yrs - 80-100
6-12yrs - 90-115

Question 2

What are the normal ranges of Paed HR?

Answer 2

Neonate/6mnts - 100-160
1yr - 90-150
2-5yr - 80-140
6-12 - 70-120

Question 3

What are the normal ranges of Paed RR?

Answer 3

Neonate-1yr - 25-50
2-5yr - 20-30
6-12yr - 15-25

Question 4

What are the normal ranges of Paed temp?

Answer 4

0-2yrs - 36.4-38

3-10yrs - 36.1-37.8

Question 5

What are some common (and benign) causes of syncope?

Answer 5

Breath holding, vagal stimulation, sudden fear or panic, hyperventilation

Question 6

What are the aspects of infant <1yr GCS for verbal and motor?

Answer 6

Verbal
coos, babbles 5
irritable cry, consolable 4 cries persistently to pain 3 moans to pain 2
no response 1

Motor 
normal spontaneous movement 6
withdraws to touch 5 withdraws to pain 4 decorticate 3
decerebrate 2
no response 1

Question 7

What are the aspects of child 1-4yrs GCS for verbal and motor?

Answer 7

Verbal
Orientated, speaks, interacts, social 5
Confused speech, disorientated, consolable 4
Inappropriate words, inconsolable 3
Incomprehensible, agitated 2
No response 1

Motor
Normal spontaneous movement 6
Localises to pain 5
Withdraws from pain 4
Decorticate 3
Decerebrate 2
No response 1

Question 8

What are common causes of ALOC?

Answer 8

A - alcohol/abuse
E - epilepsy, encephalopathy
I - insulin, intox
O - overdose, oxygen
U - urieamia
T - trauma, temp, tumour
I - infections
P - psychiatric
S - shock, subarachnoid haemorrhage, shunt problems

Question 9

GHOST acronym for causes of ALOC?

Answer 9

G - glucose
H - head trauma
O - overdose, oxygen deficiency
S - shock/seizures
T - temperatures

Question 10

What are some uncommon and potentially life-threatening causes of syncope?

Answer 10

Cardiac dysrhythmias, MI, congenital heart disease, drug intox, hypoglycaemia, hypoxia, head trauma

Question 11

What would alert you to serious aetiology in syncopal episodes?

Answer 11

Evidence of trauma, continued ALOC (>5min), recurrent episodes, hx of cardiac condition/surgery, associated chest pain/palpitations, abnormal V.S.S (significant + persistent), exercise related episode, family hx of sudden death

Question 12

How do you perform a limb assessment?

Answer 12

Colour, warmth, movement, sensation. 
Distal pulses. 
STDCAL
S - swelling
T - tenderness
D - deformity
C - contusions
A - abrasions 
L - lacerations

Question 13

What is the NEXUS criteria?

Answer 13

No focal neurological deficit
Spinal tenderness- midline
Altered level of consciousness
Intoxication
Distracting injury