Pad Flashcards
With PAD, The central problem is ________ flow with resulting ______ deficiency.
Impaired flow
Resulting O2 deficiency
PAD is divided into what 2 categories?
- Acute
2. Chronic
Acute occlusion may come in what two forms?
1) Embolism
2) thrombosis
Traveling distally from a proximal source describes what type of acute occlusion?
Embolism
An occlusion at the site describes …..?
A thrombis
Embolism is caused by what 2 diseases?
- Cardiac
2. Arterial
Thrombosis can be caused by what four events?
- Atherosclerosis
- Trauma
- Iatrogenic
- Aneurysm
A consequence of medical treatment or complication post surgery is defined as ________.
Iatrogenic
What are the 6 P’s symptoms of acute arterial disease?
Pain, pallor, Paresthesia
Paralysis, pulselessness, polar
Name the 3 test addressing acute arterial disease?
- Ecg
- Angiography
- Arterial duplex and ABI
What are some medications given to treat arterial disease?
- Heparin,Coumadin
- Bypass surgery
- Amputation
_________ accounts for 95% of arterial disease.
ASO
Arteriosclerosis obliterations
What are the 5 stages of Arteriosclerosis obliterations?
- Asymptomatic disease
- Claudication
- Rest pain
- Ischemic ulceration
- Gangrene
Pain while walking, relieved by rest defines…..
Claudication
Symptoms of burning, aching, numbness in foot/feet that can occur anytime describes what stage of ASO?
Rest pain
Which is more severe in ischemic ulceration arterial or venous?
Arterial
Arterial ulceration is _______ with no sign of _______ and usually starts at the ________.
Severe
Healing
Toes
Venous ulceration is usually above the ________ ________ ( gaiter area)
Medial malleolus
Name some risk factors for ASO?
Family Hx HTN Smoking Diabetes Hypercholesterolemia Age
What are some physical findings of ASO?
1) Tropic changes in nails, hair, skin
2) Pallor in elevation
3) Ischemic ulcer
4) gangrene
5) weak pulse
What are types of medical treatment for ASO?
Medical therapy ( exercise, diet, stop smoking, lower cholesterol)
Angioplasty
Bypass graft
Amputation
What phrase describes a normal doppler signal waveform?
a. Damped and Monophasic
B. Sharp and multiphasic
B. Sharp and multiphasic
A damped and Monophasic waveform could suggest….
A abnormal waveform and Proximal stenosis
In segmental blood pressures mean pressure is high or lower in the leg arteries?
Mean pressure is lower
If leg arteries are stiffer than the aorta, pulsatility, is increased and ______ pressure is also higher.
Peak pressure is higher in the legs
Normal ankle/arm index is greater than ______
1.00
An ankle/arm index less than _____ suggest arterial stenosis ______.
1.00 and proximally
An index of ______ or less suggest severe, multilevel stenosis or occlusion.
Index of .50
A high thigh/ arm index is normally about _______
1.20
HT/A index less than _____ suggest proximal disease and less than .80 suggest a _______ occlusion.
1.00 and 0.80 suggest proximal occlusion
What is the diagnostic criteria for arterial stenosis?
Norm 400
