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1. Thoracic Cage and Cavity - Dr.Olena > pacl > Flashcards

pacl Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 subdivisons of the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum
2 Pleural cavities

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2
Q

Where is the mediastinum? What does it contain?

A

It is in the middle of the chest. (mediastinum)

Contains: Heart and great vessels among others

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3
Q

Where are the pleural cavities? What do they contain?

A

To the right and left of the mediastinum (plural, so two, so right and left)

Contains: lungs

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4
Q

What is the opening that connects the throacic cage and the neck?

A

thoracic inlet

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5
Q

What seperates the thoracic cage from the abdomen?

A

diaphragm

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6
Q

What is the The anterior median
(midsternal) line?

A

A line in the middle of the sternum (from the name)

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7
Q

Parasternal line

A

a
vertical line running
along the lateral border of the sternum (bc para was along the border of the sea)

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8
Q

Midclavicular line
(MCL)

A

a vertical line passing through the
midpoints of the clavicle

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9
Q

Anterior axillary line (AAL)

A

anterior of your axilliary

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10
Q

Midaxillary line (MAL):

A

in the middle of your axillary

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11
Q

Posterior axillary line (PAL)

A

in the posterior of your axilliary

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12
Q

Scapular line (SL)

A

A line passing through the longest part of the scapula (bc it is a line, so it is going to be long)

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13
Q

Paravertebral line

A

a line on the borders of the veretbrae (bc para is on the border of the sea)

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14
Q

Posterior median
(midvertebral) line (PML)

A

A line passing in the middle of the vertebral column

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15
Q

What are the borders of the thoracic cage?

A

Posterior: Thoracic vertebrae
anterior: Sternum and costal cartliges
Superior: suprapleural membrane (bc it is above the pleural)
inferior: Diaphragm
lateral: ribs and intercostal spaces

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16
Q

What are the different approaches of anatomists and clinicians when describing the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Anatomists:Thoracic Inlet (bc air and food enter from there)

clinicians: Thoracic outlet (bc the arteries and T1 spinal nerve leave from there)

17
Q

What is the Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)?What is it caused by?

A

pressure on the brachial plexus (lower trunk or C8 & T1)

Caused by: cervical rib or
pancoast tumor

18
Q

What can a cervical rib do in the thoracic inlet syndrome in relation to the heart?

A

It may cause pressure on the subclavian artery which will cause ischemic pain.

19
Q

What are the three parts of a sternum?

A

1.Manubrium
2.Body of the sternum
3.xiphoid process

20
Q

What is the manubrium of the sternum? What does it articulate with? What does it lie opposite to?

A

Top part of sternum

Articulates: With clavicles and costal cartliges of ribs 1 and 2

Lies opposite to: T3 and T4

(Like mandible, so the top part bc the mouth is at the top)

21
Q

What is the body of the sternum? What does it articulate with?

A

middle part of sternum

Articulates: costal cartliges of 2 -7 and to the manubrium and xiphoid joints.

(bc it is called body so it is mid)

22
Q

What is the xiphoid process of the sternum? What does it articulate with? What is unique about it?

A

inferior part of sternum

Articulates: costal cartlige of 7

unique: made of hyaline cartlige and ossfies in adult life.

(bc xiphoid sounds like gum so it was cartlige (soft) then became ossified (solid))

23
Q

What is the sternal angle?What does it lie opposite two? What is special about it?

A

an angled line in the sternum (manubriosternal joint)

Lies opposite: T4 and T5

Special: Level where the trachea bifurcaites (splits) (so it forms an angle) and where the arch of aorta starts and ends.

24
Q

What is a common site for bonemarrow biopsy in the thorax? Why that place in particular?

A

Sternum

Bc: has hematopoitec stem cells

25
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs?

A

True ribs

false ribs

floating ribs

26
Q

What are true ribs

A

The first 7

Connected to the sternum by costal cartlige

27
Q

What are false ribs

A

8-10

each one has its costal cartlige connected to the costal cartlige above it

28
Q

What are floating ribs

A

11-12

end in the muscles of the abdominal wall (bc the abdomen is under the thorax)

29
Q

What are typical ribs? Which ribs are they ? What are their sections?

A

Ribs: 3-9

They all look the same

Sections: head,neck, tubercle, and body.

Head: Has two openings, One opening connects to the vertebrae with the same number/position as the rib. The other opening connects to the veretbrae above it.
It also connects to the IV disc (cartlige) between both.

Tubercule: connects with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae. with the exception of 11 and 12

Costal groove:houses the intercostal vessels and nerves

30
Q

What is the weakest part of a rib that is most prone to injuries?

A

Infront of the ribs angle

(it makes sense bc that is the part that bends)

31
Q

What are atypical ribs?

A

Ribs: 1,2,10,11,12

32
Q

What are the characteristics of rib 1?

A

shortest, flattest, broadest,
most curved. (bc it is number 1)

scalene tubercle for anterior scalene muscle (bc it is 1, an uneven number)

Two grooves: Houses subclavian artery and vein

33
Q

What is the cervical rib?

A

Mesenchymal or cartilaginous
elongation of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra.

34
Q

What type of Facets do typical thoracic vertebrae have?

A

T2-T9

Costal Demifacets: Attach the corresponding rib and rib below

Costal facets: On transverse process and Attach to the tubercule of the corresponding rib.

35
Q

What type of Facets do atypical thoracic vertebrae have?

A

T1, T10-T12

T1:

Complete Facet: To connect to head of Rib 1

Demifacet: To connect to head of rib 2

……………………………………………………………….

T10-T12:

complete facets are on
bodies for articulation with the entire head of the corresponding rib.

1. Thoracic Cage and Cavity - Dr.Olena (4 decks)

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