Packet 8 Male Reproductive System Flashcards
What male reproductive organ produces testosterone?
Testes
What forms the first part of the genital duct system in males where they convey spermatozoa from the testes to the epididymis?
intra-testicular ducts
What are the intra-testicular ducts composed of? [3 things]
tubuli recti,
rete testis,
ductuli efferentes
What forms the first part of the extra-testicular duct system? What is a big characteristic of it?
epididymis
Highly convoluted [connects distally with the ductus deferens]
Where does spermatozoa mature and gain the capacity for motility?
epididymis
What is the terminal part of the genital duct system connects the ductus deferens with the urethra? What else connects at this location?
ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles
What is the first of three accessory sex glands in the male? what does it secrete?
seminal vesicles
fructose rich, viscous fluid [nourishes spermatozoa and is major volume]
What is the largest male accessory sex gland?
Prostate gland
What does the bulbourethral glands secrete?
lubricating pre-seminal fluid into the membranous urethra
What layer of the penis does the spermatozoa and urine pass through?
runs through the corpus spongiosum of the penis
T-F—testes develop within the abdominal cavity?
True- and descend during embryogenesis to lie outside the body in the scrotum.
What is the majority of the testis is formed by?
lobuli testis containing the coiled seminiferous tubules
What is the tunica vaginalis?
mesothelium derived peritoneum pouch?
Does the tunica vaginalis have a parietal and visceral layer?
Yes
Parietal-contacts wall of scrotum
Visceral- contacts testis
What is the dense irregular CT tissue below the germinal epithelium?Which portion is highly vascularized?
Tunica albuginea
Inner portion [Tunica vasculosa]
What is the part of the tunica albuginea where the CT septa radiate from dividing the testis into lobules?
mediastinum testis
[considered located posteriorly]
Each lobuli testis contains how many coiled seminiferous tubules?
4
What is embedded in the mediastinum and makes up the intra-testicular ducts?
Rete testes, tubuli recti
[He does not mention ductuli efferentes as being embedded????]
What are the testes 2 main functions?
spermatogenesis
steroidogenesis
What are the seminiferous tubules connected to at both ends?
tubuli recti–both ends
What structures make up the seminiferous tubules?
seminiferous epithelium [sperm production]
Tunica propria [multilayered]
Does the tunica propria contain fibroblasts?
No–myoid cells [myofibroblasts] for collagen synthesis and PERISTALSIS
What are the two types of cells the seminiferous epithelium made of?
supporting cells [sertoli-talk columnar]
spermatogenic cells
What is a stratified layer of cells that are replicating and differentiating with the most immature cells on the basal lamina and the most mature being released in the lumen?
spermatogenic cells
What phase–spermatagonia form primary permatocytes?
spermatogonia phase [mitosis]
What phase– diploid spermatocytes form haploid spermatids?
spermatorcyte phase [meiosis]
What phase– transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa?
spermatid phase
Spermatagonia type A dark cells can mitotically divide to form what?
more dark cells or Type A pail cells
Spermatogonia type A pail cells can mitotically divide to form what?
more pail cells or Type B cells
Spermatagonia Type B cells mitotically divide to form what?
primary spermatocytes [largest nuclei in the seminiferous epithelium]
What do primary spermatocytes do? secondary spermatocytes?
- complete meiosis I to form secondary spermatocytes
2. complete meiosis I to form spermatids
Are spermatagonia A pale cells stem cells?
No the dark ones are
Are secondary spermatocytes diploid?
No–haploid in the second phase of meiotic division.
Rapid and rarely observed
What are the true epithelium of the seminiferous tubules? characteristics?
sertoli cells [supporting cells]
columnar from basal lamina to the lumen, oval nucleus, prominent nucleolus
What are the 5 roles of sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?
- Phagocytosis
- Exocrine Secretion
- Endocrine secretion
- Blood testis Barrier
- Support nourishment of spermatogenic cells
What do sertoli cells phagocytize?
residual bodies-leftover cytoplasmic remnants from maturation of the spermatids
What 2 things do sertoli cells secrete as part of their endocrine function?
androgen binding protein- [increased with FSH and maintains concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous tubule]
Inhibin- [in response to high testosterone and inhibits FSH]
What do sertoli cells form tight junctions with?
other sertolis at the basolateral surface between spermatogonia and spermatocytes [this forms a basal and apical compartments]
What is the purpose of sertoli tight junctions?
prevent autoimmune attack of ‘foreign’ haploid cells in the seminiferous epithelium
What cells are not found in the seminiferous epithelium, scattered in groups among the connective tissue elements of the tunica vasculosa?
Leydig cells
What are the characteristics of a Leydig Cell?
polygonal
developed Golge and sER
secrete testosterone
What 3 stages are testosterone necessary?
embryogenesis
puberty
adulthood
What are the characteristics of tubuli recti?
short, straight arise from sen. tubules,
lined only by sertolis
What are the characteristics of rete testis?
interconnected labyrinth in mediastinum simple cuboidal single cilium short mvilli
What are the characteristics of efferent ductules?
become highly coiled
pseudo stratified columnar
sawtooth
REABSORBS
What is the epithelium of the epididymis?
pseudo stratified columnar with stereocilia
Does the epididymis have smooth muscle?
Yes- contracts randomly and slowly propels sperm onward
What portion of the epididymis has only a thin layer of smooth muscle and reabsorbs fluid?
Head [caput]
What portion of the epididymis has an intermediate thickness of smooth muscle, reabsorbs degenerate sperms, and secretes glycoproteins and steroids to aid sperma maturation?
Body [corpus]
What portion of the epididymis has the thickes smooth muscle and acts as a reservoir only contracting during ejaculation?
Tail [cauda]
Is the ductus deferens muscular??
Yes
inner and outer longitudinal
innermost circular
What is the epithelium of the ductus deferens?
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with stereo cilia
[distinct puckered lumen]
What are the histological characteristics of the seminal vesicles?
- convoluted sacs and folded chambers
- pseudo stratified columnar to columnar
What does the seminal vesicle secrete? when does it?
viscous, fructose and prostaglandins
[70% of ejaculate]
smooth muscle externa contracts during ejaculation
What are the 4 zones of the prostate gland?
central
peripheral
transitional
periurethral
What prostate zone receives the ejaculatory ducts?
central
what prostate zone forms posterior gland, 70% of gland tissue, and is the most common site for prostatic adenocarcinoma?
peripheral zone
What prostate zone surrounds the prostatic urethra, contains 5 % of glandular tissue?
Transitional zone
What prostate zone is the site of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
transitional
[compresses urethra hindering urination]
What prostatic zone forms the glandular anterior prostate?
periurethral zone
T-F– the column of penis erectile tissue are anchored to the urogenital diaphragm and the pubic portion of the pelvis?
False–the ischium of the pelvis [and is surrounded by a dense fibroelastic CT]
What part of the penis is the main erectile tissue of paired columns located on the dorsal penis?
corpus cavernosum composed of large vascular sinuses to receive blood from the central artery
What part of the penis is a single column that terminates to form glans penis?
spongiosum
What type of of epithelium is the urethra?
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium that changes to stratified squamous distally
What secretes mucous along the length of the urethra?
glands of littre
approximately how many days does it take for a sperm to completely mature?
64 days
In the last page of the notes there is a great chart comparing gametogenesis in males and females.
Check it out…I might add a few cards from.
