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HOS FINAL SELF > Packet 8 Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Packet 8 Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What male reproductive organ produces testosterone?

A

Testes

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2
Q

What forms the first part of the genital duct system in males where they convey spermatozoa from the testes to the epididymis?

A

intra-testicular ducts

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3
Q

What are the intra-testicular ducts composed of? [3 things]

A

tubuli recti,
rete testis,
ductuli efferentes

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4
Q

What forms the first part of the extra-testicular duct system? What is a big characteristic of it?

A

epididymis

Highly convoluted [connects distally with the ductus deferens]

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5
Q

Where does spermatozoa mature and gain the capacity for motility?

A

epididymis

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6
Q

What is the terminal part of the genital duct system connects the ductus deferens with the urethra? What else connects at this location?

A

ejaculatory duct

seminal vesicles

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7
Q

What is the first of three accessory sex glands in the male? what does it secrete?

A

seminal vesicles

fructose rich, viscous fluid [nourishes spermatozoa and is major volume]

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8
Q

What is the largest male accessory sex gland?

A

Prostate gland

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9
Q

What does the bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

lubricating pre-seminal fluid into the membranous urethra

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10
Q

What layer of the penis does the spermatozoa and urine pass through?

A

runs through the corpus spongiosum of the penis

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11
Q

T-F—testes develop within the abdominal cavity?

A

True- and descend during embryogenesis to lie outside the body in the scrotum.

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12
Q

What is the majority of the testis is formed by?

A

lobuli testis containing the coiled seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

mesothelium derived peritoneum pouch?

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14
Q

Does the tunica vaginalis have a parietal and visceral layer?

A

Yes
Parietal-contacts wall of scrotum
Visceral- contacts testis

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15
Q

What is the dense irregular CT tissue below the germinal epithelium?Which portion is highly vascularized?

A

Tunica albuginea

Inner portion [Tunica vasculosa]

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16
Q

What is the part of the tunica albuginea where the CT septa radiate from dividing the testis into lobules?

A

mediastinum testis

[considered located posteriorly]

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17
Q

Each lobuli testis contains how many coiled seminiferous tubules?

A

4

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18
Q

What is embedded in the mediastinum and makes up the intra-testicular ducts?

A

Rete testes, tubuli recti

[He does not mention ductuli efferentes as being embedded????]

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19
Q

What are the testes 2 main functions?

A

spermatogenesis

steroidogenesis

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20
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules connected to at both ends?

A

tubuli recti–both ends

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21
Q

What structures make up the seminiferous tubules?

A

seminiferous epithelium [sperm production]

Tunica propria [multilayered]

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22
Q

Does the tunica propria contain fibroblasts?

A

No–myoid cells [myofibroblasts] for collagen synthesis and PERISTALSIS

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23
Q

What are the two types of cells the seminiferous epithelium made of?

A

supporting cells [sertoli-talk columnar]

spermatogenic cells

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24
Q

What is a stratified layer of cells that are replicating and differentiating with the most immature cells on the basal lamina and the most mature being released in the lumen?

A

spermatogenic cells

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25
Q

What phase–spermatagonia form primary permatocytes?

A

spermatogonia phase [mitosis]

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26
Q

What phase– diploid spermatocytes form haploid spermatids?

A

spermatorcyte phase [meiosis]

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27
Q

What phase– transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa?

A

spermatid phase

28
Q

Spermatagonia type A dark cells can mitotically divide to form what?

A

more dark cells or Type A pail cells

29
Q

Spermatogonia type A pail cells can mitotically divide to form what?

A

more pail cells or Type B cells

30
Q

Spermatagonia Type B cells mitotically divide to form what?

A

primary spermatocytes [largest nuclei in the seminiferous epithelium]

31
Q

What do primary spermatocytes do? secondary spermatocytes?

A
  1. complete meiosis I to form secondary spermatocytes

2. complete meiosis I to form spermatids

32
Q

Are spermatagonia A pale cells stem cells?

A

No the dark ones are

33
Q

Are secondary spermatocytes diploid?

A

No–haploid in the second phase of meiotic division.

Rapid and rarely observed

34
Q

What are the true epithelium of the seminiferous tubules? characteristics?

A

sertoli cells [supporting cells]

columnar from basal lamina to the lumen, oval nucleus, prominent nucleolus

35
Q

What are the 5 roles of sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Exocrine Secretion
  3. Endocrine secretion
  4. Blood testis Barrier
  5. Support nourishment of spermatogenic cells
36
Q

What do sertoli cells phagocytize?

A

residual bodies-leftover cytoplasmic remnants from maturation of the spermatids

37
Q

What 2 things do sertoli cells secrete as part of their endocrine function?

A

androgen binding protein- [increased with FSH and maintains concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous tubule]

Inhibin- [in response to high testosterone and inhibits FSH]

38
Q

What do sertoli cells form tight junctions with?

A

other sertolis at the basolateral surface between spermatogonia and spermatocytes [this forms a basal and apical compartments]

39
Q

What is the purpose of sertoli tight junctions?

A

prevent autoimmune attack of ‘foreign’ haploid cells in the seminiferous epithelium

40
Q

What cells are not found in the seminiferous epithelium, scattered in groups among the connective tissue elements of the tunica vasculosa?

A

Leydig cells

41
Q

What are the characteristics of a Leydig Cell?

A

polygonal
developed Golge and sER
secrete testosterone

42
Q

What 3 stages are testosterone necessary?

A

embryogenesis
puberty
adulthood

43
Q

What are the characteristics of tubuli recti?

A

short, straight arise from sen. tubules,

lined only by sertolis

44
Q

What are the characteristics of rete testis?

A 
interconnected labyrinth
in mediastinum
simple cuboidal
single cilium
short mvilli
45
Q

What are the characteristics of efferent ductules?

A

become highly coiled
pseudo stratified columnar
sawtooth
REABSORBS

46
Q

What is the epithelium of the epididymis?

A

pseudo stratified columnar with stereocilia

47
Q

Does the epididymis have smooth muscle?

A

Yes- contracts randomly and slowly propels sperm onward

48
Q

What portion of the epididymis has only a thin layer of smooth muscle and reabsorbs fluid?

A

Head [caput]

49
Q

What portion of the epididymis has an intermediate thickness of smooth muscle, reabsorbs degenerate sperms, and secretes glycoproteins and steroids to aid sperma maturation?

A

Body [corpus]

50
Q

What portion of the epididymis has the thickes smooth muscle and acts as a reservoir only contracting during ejaculation?

A

Tail [cauda]

51
Q

Is the ductus deferens muscular??

A

Yes
inner and outer longitudinal
innermost circular

52
Q

What is the epithelium of the ductus deferens?

A

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with stereo cilia

[distinct puckered lumen]

53
Q

What are the histological characteristics of the seminal vesicles?

A
  • convoluted sacs and folded chambers

- pseudo stratified columnar to columnar

54
Q

What does the seminal vesicle secrete? when does it?

A

viscous, fructose and prostaglandins
[70% of ejaculate]

smooth muscle externa contracts during ejaculation

55
Q

What are the 4 zones of the prostate gland?

A

central
peripheral
transitional
periurethral

56
Q

What prostate zone receives the ejaculatory ducts?

A

central

57
Q

what prostate zone forms posterior gland, 70% of gland tissue, and is the most common site for prostatic adenocarcinoma?

A

peripheral zone

58
Q

What prostate zone surrounds the prostatic urethra, contains 5 % of glandular tissue?

A

Transitional zone

59
Q

What prostate zone is the site of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

transitional

[compresses urethra hindering urination]

60
Q

What prostatic zone forms the glandular anterior prostate?

A

periurethral zone

61
Q

T-F– the column of penis erectile tissue are anchored to the urogenital diaphragm and the pubic portion of the pelvis?

A

False–the ischium of the pelvis [and is surrounded by a dense fibroelastic CT]

62
Q

What part of the penis is the main erectile tissue of paired columns located on the dorsal penis?

A

corpus cavernosum composed of large vascular sinuses to receive blood from the central artery

63
Q

What part of the penis is a single column that terminates to form glans penis?

A

spongiosum

64
Q

What type of of epithelium is the urethra?

A

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium that changes to stratified squamous distally

65
Q

What secretes mucous along the length of the urethra?

A

glands of littre

66
Q

approximately how many days does it take for a sperm to completely mature?

A

64 days

67
Q

In the last page of the notes there is a great chart comparing gametogenesis in males and females.

A

Check it out…I might add a few cards from.

HOS FINAL SELF (3 decks)

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