pack Flashcards
What embryonic layer do both kidneys and the urogenital system come from?
Intermediate mesoderm.
Which structures are formed from the mesonephros?
Mesonephric duct (Wolffian), paramesonephric duct, and genital tubercle.
What does the genital tubercle form, and how does it determine sex?
It forms primordial germ cells, which will develop into either testes or ovaries depending on hormones or genes.
What structures do females develop from the paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct?
The uterus and fallopian tubes.
Where are the testes located at 8 months, and what happens at birth?
At 8 months, the testes are in the inguinal canal; they descend into the scrotum at birth.
What is the remnant of the paramesonephric duct in males?
The prostatic utricle.
What is Gartner’s cyst?
A remnant of the mesonephric duct in females.
What condition can occur from two paramesonephric ducts?
Double uterus.
What is hypospadias?
A condition where the urethral opening is located before the normal opening.
What is epispadias?
A condition where the urethral opening is located on top.
When are the urinary and genital systems completed, and when is sex determination testing usually done?
They are completed around 10 weeks, but sex determination testing is usually done at 12 weeks.
What role does the testis determining factor (TDF) play in development?
TDF causes the genital ridge to develop into male embryos (testes); in its absence, the embryo develops into a female (ovary).
What is the function of the gubernaculum in male development?
It acts like a scout that guides the testes to descend.
What is the equivalent of the scrotum in females?
The labia majora.
What is the ovarian ligament, and where does it connect?
It connects the pelvis to the uterus.
What is the round ligament of the uterus, and where does it extend to?
It extends from the uterus to the labia majora.
What does Mullerian inhibitory factor do?
It prevents the development of the paramesonephric duct.
What structures are formed from the mesonephric duct in males?
Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and ureter. It disappears in females (except for the ureteric bud).
What does the paramesonephric duct form in females?
Fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper part of the vagina. It obliterates in males.
