pack Flashcards
When does the primitive gut begin to form?
The primitive gut begins to form in the fourth week of development.
What does the endoderm contribute to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
The endoderm gives rise to most of the epithelium and glands of the GI tract, except for the cranial and caudal extremities.
Which germ layer contributes to the epithelium of the cranial and caudal extremities of the GI tract?
The ectoderm contributes to the epithelium of the cranial and caudal extremities of the GI tract.
What tissues does the mesoderm contribute to the digestive tract?
The mesoderm contributes the muscular tissue and connective tissue of the digestive tract wall.
Into what three regions is the primitive gut divided?
The primitive gut is divided into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.
What triggers gut tube formation?
Gut tube formation is triggered by retinoic acid (RA) from the pharynx.
Which gene does retinoic acid (RA) activate to specify the esophagus and stomach?
RA activates the SOX2 gene to specify the esophagus and stomach.
Which gene is responsible for specifying the duodenum?
The PDX1 gene specifies the duodenum.
What gene is responsible for specifying the small intestine?
The CDXC gene specifies the small intestine.
Which gene specifies the large intestine and rectum?
The CDXA gene specifies the large intestine and rectum.
What is the role of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) gene in gut development?
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) gene is responsible for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that shape the gut tube.
Where does the spleen come from?
dorsal mesogastrium
What are the Derivatives of the primitive gut
(Foregut)
LES ULG PP
Lungs
Esophagus
Stomach
Upper part of the duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Pharyngeal pouches
What does the dorsal mesogastrium form?
Dorsal mesogastrium (Mesoderm) rotates the spleen to the left hypochondrium and forms it
What does the ventral mesogastrium form?
Ventral mesogastrium rotates the Liver to the right hypochondrium
What happens to the left and right vagus after the rotation of the stomach?
The left vagus becomes anterior
The right vagus becomes posterior
What else does the rotation of the dorsal mesogastrium form?
The rotation of the dorsal mesogastrium forms the omental bursa
What is congenital pyloric stenosis?
Congenital pyloric stenosis is the overproduction of circular fibers at the pyloric region, causing constriction of the pylorus.
What is a key symptom of congenital pyloric stenosis in newborns?
A key symptom is projectile vomiting in newborn babies.
How is the pancreas formed during development?
The pancreas is formed by the merging of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds due to the rotation of the stomach.
What part of the pancreas is formed by the dorsal pancreatic bud?
The dorsal pancreatic bud forms the head of the pancreas.
What causes annular pancreas?
Annular pancreas is caused by a bifid ventral pancreatic bud.
What complication is associated with annular pancreas?
Annular pancreas can cause polyhydramnios during development.
