pack

Question 1

What will happen to the right horn?

Answer 1

Disappear inside the sinus venosus

(Bc you are on the right, so you are not going to use the horn to fight, you are going to throw it in the drain)

Question 2

What will the right anterior cardinal vein form?

Answer 2

It will form the SVC

(when u r right and anterior you will be superior)

Question 3

What will the right posterior cardinal vein form?

Answer 3

IVC

(bc when you are right you are still major, but you are inferior to the one who is anterior)

Question 4

EXTREMELY IMPORTANT: What happens to the left horn (left common cardinal vein)?

Answer 4

form the coronary sinus

(left, so oxygen so cornary, sinus bc you put the horn in the sinus)

Question 5

What will happen to the left anterior & posterior cardinal veins?

Answer 5

degenerate

(bc the left people will suffer, and they are only left, not common, so no good in them)

Question 6

What will happen if the left anterior cardinal vein persists? What will it open to?

Answer 6

it will form a left SVC

open to: coronary sinus

Question 7

What will happen to the Right umblical vein?

Answer 7

degenerate

(bc it doesn’t reroute oxygen)

Question 8

What will happen to the The left umbilical vein? What will it form?

Answer 8

will persist and form ligamentum teres after birth

Question 9

What will the right and left vitelline vein form?

Answer 9

Join togther to form the Portal vein (bc when you take Vitamins you feel like you are in another world)

Question 10

Where does the left atrium come from?

Answer 10

expansion of pulmonary vein

(bc it brings back the oxygenated blood)

Question 11

Where does the Sternocoastal surface come from

Answer 11

right ventricle (bulbus cordis)

Question 12

Will the veins that go to the sinus venosus attach to the liver?

Answer 12

Yes

(Remember that they get rerouted)

Question 13

How will the hepatic portal vein deliver blood to the heart?

Answer 13

Attaches to the liver, then blood goes to IVC, then heart.

Question 14

What are the two structures that form the atrial septum?

Answer 14

The septum primum and the septum secondum

Question 15

What is the opening between the septum primum and the septum secondum

Answer 15

Foramen ovale

Question 16

What is the reason for closure of foramen ovale?

Answer 16

The pressure in the left atrium would increase immediately after the birth bc of the use of lungs for the first time. This will cause the septum primum to hit against the septum secondum.

Question 17

Where do AV valves orignate from?

Answer 17

Endocardial cushions (bc it is inside the heart, and the valves must be cushioned, av valves bc it is in the interventricular septum)

Question 18

What does the truncus arteriosus form?

Answer 18

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

(bc it is an artery, and trunk like the aortic trunk and like the pulmonary trunk)

Question 19

What will seperate the aorta and the pulmonary artery?

Answer 19

aorticopulmonary septum

Question 20

What is the aorticopulmonary septum continous with?

Answer 20

membranous part of the Interventicular septum

(makes sense bc the pulmonary artery and the aorta both attach to the ventricles)

Question 21

To what side will the pulmonary artery and the aorta move? (left or right) Why?

Answer 21

Left: Pulmonary artery

Right: aorta

Because: of the aorticopulmonary septum twisting

(remember that the heart is kind of مايل )

Question 22

What type of cells is the aorticopulmonary septum dependent on?

Answer 22

Neural crest cells

(bc their valves are called semilunar and semilunar is crest)

Question 23

What is the cause of Tetraolgy of fallot?

Answer 23

Defect in neural crest cells in the aorticopulmonary septum

Question 24

EXTREMELY IMPORTANT: What are the problems of tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 24

Ventricular septal defect

Right ventricular hypertrophy (blood will flow from the LV to RV, bc of the ventricular septal defect so the size of the rv will increase) (boot shaped heart)

Overriding of the aorta (aorta will be huge bc the AP septum will be shifted to the right)

Pulmonary artery stenosis (AP septum will be shifted towards the right so the P will be blocked)

Question 25

How will the septum primum form intially?

Answer 25

It will go down from the top, and then when it reaches the bottom, it will degenrate from the top.

Question 26

EXTERMELY IMPORTANT: What type of cells does the aorticopulmonary septum form from?

Answer 26

Neural crest cells