Pack Flashcards
What are some of the physical findings of anemia?
Pallor (pale palms)
koilonychia : spoon shaped nails
Angular stomatitis (Breaking down of tissues of the sides of the lips)
What is a physical sign of Iron deficiency?
Kolionychia
What is a physical sign of Hemolytic anaemia?
Jaundice (yellow skin)
What is a physical sign of Sickle cells?
leg ulcers
What is a physical sign of thalasemia?
Bone deformities
What are the 1st line investigations
CBC
Reticulocyte count
What are the 2nd line investigations
Hb electrophoresis
Serum Fe,
TIBC ,
Ferritin,
B 12 and folate
*Bone marrow examination
What is hematocrit?
a measurement of the proportion of blood that is made up of red blood cells.
What is the MCV
Mean cell volume (measure cell volume)
The average size of RBC’s
What is a normocytic, microcytic, and macrocytic anemia.
normocytic: MCV: normal Hemoglobin: low
microcytic:MCV: low Hemoglobin: low
macrocytic: MCV: high Hemoglobin: low
What is MCH
MCH “Mass of cells hemoglobin”
What is normochromic and hypochromic?
MCH = Low = hypochromic
MCH = normal = normochromic
What is MCHC?
MCHC (measure cell hemoglobin concentration)
a measurement of the amount of hemoglobin a red blood cell has relative to the size of the cell.
What is RDW?
The standard deviation of the MCV (differences in size of the rbcs)
Give me an example of a condition with high anisocytosis
Iron deficiency anemia
What is anisocytosis
High RDW is high anisocytosis
and vice versa
What are hemolytic anemia?
RBCs break down before the 120
What do all hemolytic anemias share in common?
all have elevated reticulocyte count
bc the bone marrow is trying to compensate the early death of RBCs
What does Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia incude?
Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia incudes
1. {{c1::Iron deficiency}}
2. {{c2::Anemia of chronic disease}}
3. {{c3::Thalessemia}}
What are some Normocytic Normochromic anaemias
Acute blood loss
Anemia of renal failure
Example of Macrocytic anemias?
Megaloblastic anemia
* B12/ Folate deficiency
What is hypoprolifertive anemia?
When hemoglobin and reticulocyte is low
What is hyperprolifertive anemia?
When hemoglobin is low and reticulocyte count is high
What is aplastic anemia?
Anemia where hematopoetic stem cells are destroyed (bc they became like plastic so they are fragile)
What is pancytopenia?
Where platelets, rbcs, and wbcs are low. BC they are all on the pan.
What are Hyperproliferative anaemias?
hemolytic anaemias (bc it happens after the cell has been formed)
Hereditary causes: thalassemia or sickle cell disease or G6PD deficiency
Acquired causes: immune hemolytic anemia
