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mol 4 > pack > Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A

transfers DNA code to ribosomes for translation.

(it transfers the message to the intended receiver)

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2
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

(it transfers the material for the production of protein)

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3
Q

What is the function of rRNA?

A

Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins.

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4
Q

What is the function of hnRNA or pre-mRNA? Where is it found?

A

It represents precursors of mRNA (only found in the nucleus of eukaryotes)

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5
Q

What is the function of Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?Where is it found?

A

only found in the nucleus of eukaryotes

participate in splicing (removal of introns) mRNA

(from the name, it makes it small since it splices it, and when you think of an RNA that comes of the nucleus, you think of the mRNA)

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6
Q

What is microRNA (miRNA) and what is its function?

A

It is short non coding

Some of them control the expression or repression of certain genes

(micro, bc micro sd cards can affect the way that a pc works sometimes)

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7
Q

What are Ribozymes? Where are they found?

A

RNA molecules with enzymatic activity

Found in:They are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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8
Q

What are the functions of RNA polymerase II

A

Searches DNA for initiation site.

unwinds the DNA

adds the ribonucleotide and connects them togther to the RNA strand.

Detects termination signals where transcription ends

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9
Q

what do transcription factors do?

A

Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to DNA, recruiting RNA polymerase, and either activating or repressing transcription.

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10
Q

What is the function of the general transcription factors?

A

combine with RNA polymerase to form a **preinitiation complex **that is competent to initiate transcription as soon as nucleotides are available.

(bc the general job is to start the transcription)

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11
Q

What is the promoter?

A

DNA sequence that acts as a transcription start site.

(it is promoting (advertising) transcription) (it promotes the transcription to the rna polymerase to convice it to start transcription)

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12
Q

What is the job of terminators?

A

It is the site where transcription stops.

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13
Q

What type of RNA polymerase genes is used to transcribe most genes?

A

RNA polymerase 2

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14
Q

What is the anti sense strand?

A

The template strand, the strand that is anti to the transcipted rna strand.

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15
Q

What is the coding/Sense strand?

A

It is the strand that isnt used for the template, it is called coding bc it has almost the same code as the RNA strand and also has the same sense.

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16
Q

What is the base number?

A

It is: Numbering system used to identify important bases.

+1:The first base transcribed as RNA

+2, +3, … : anything to the right of the +1 (to the 3’) (downstream)

-1, -2, -3, …. : anything to the left of the +1 (to the 5’) (up stream)

17
Q

What are the different eukaryotic promoter elements?

A

CAAT box

TATA box

Cap site

GC box

18
Q

Does RNA proofread its work?

19
Q

What does (α-amanitin) do?

A

Function:it inhibits polymerase II causing cell death

Found in: Certain mushrooms

(you think that the mushrooms is amina but it actually isn’t)

20
Q

What are introns?

A

Spacer DNA that don’t code for anything

21
Q

What is the function of exons?

A

coding section of the RNA transcript

22
Q

What is a monocistronic message? Where is it found?

A

Found: Eukaryotic mRNA

It is: One mRNA codes for a single gene.

23
Q

What is the shine dalgarno site? What type of DNA and mRNA is it found in? Where is it located? Why can it carry its function?

A

Found in prokaryotic DNA and mRNA

Located: before the start codon

Main function: For ribosomes to bind and start the translation of the mRNA.

Can carry its function because: There are no introns, no nuclear envelope, so no translocation is needed so it can start translation the minute it is transcribed.

24
Q

What is a polycistronic message? Where is it found?

A

Found: Prokaryotic mRNA

It is: A single mRNA codes for multiple genes.

25
Q

How many RNA polymerase do prokaryotes have?

26
Q

What is the protien that is required to intiate the transcription of Prokaryotic RNA?

A

Sigma factor

(it’s the sigma bc it starts it)

27
Q

What is the protien that is required to terminate the transcription of Prokaryotic RNA?

A

Rho factor

(like the ram rho which is the last truck)

28
Q

What does RNA polymerase I do?Where is it found?

A

Does:produces ribosomal (rRNA)

Found: nucleolus

29
Q

What does RNA polymerase III do?

A

transcribes DNA to synthesize 5S ribosomal RNA, tRNA

mol 4 (7 decks)

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