pack Flashcards
What are the steps for preparing a tissue for studying?
Fixation: preserve cell and tissue structure
Dehydration: remove all water and replace it with alcohol
Infiltration: Placed in melted paraffin until it is completely infiltrated with it.
Embedding: melted paraffin is allowed to harden.
What is the instrument used for tissue staining?
microtome
(bc you have to add a stain to differentiate betweem tomes)
What is the most used stain in historlogy?
hematoxylin and eosin
What stain is responsible for the blue/ purple color in H&E?
Hemotoxylin
(bc you never see pink hellcats, but you might see some blue/purple hellcats)
What stain is responsible for the pink color in H&E?
Eosin
What are the four types of tissues
epithelial
connective
muscular
Nervous
What are the body surfaces that the epithelium doesn’t cover?
The enamel, the articular cartilage, and anterior surface of the iris.
How do nutrients get delivered to the epithelium?
By diffusion, since they lack a direct blood and lymphatic supply.
(Make sense since it’s on the top and you don’t want those vital supplies to get damaged by the external enviroment)
What are the functions of the epithelium?
Covering, lining, and protecting surfaces
(e.g., epidermis)
Absorption (e.g., the intestinal lining) Secretion (e.g., parenchymal cells of glands) Excretion (kidney tubules)
Gas exchange (lungs)
What is the main factor that differentiates squamos epithelial tissue?
It is flattened.
What is the main factor that differentiates cubodial epithelial tissue?
They have dimensions that are almost equal.
What is the main factor that differentiates columna epithelial tissue?
Taller than wider
Where are simple squamos tissues usually found?
Found in tissues and organs that utilize
diffusion for molecular movement like
capillaries
(bc you need it to move easily, so it has to be on a paved road, which is the simple (flattened) squamous)
Do simple squamous epithelium cells contain more cytoplasm than cuboidal and columnar?
No, Simple columnar and cuboidal contain more cytoplasm than simple squamous.
(it makes sense since they are wider)
Which types of cells have large number of mitochondria?
Simple columnar and cubodial since they are involved in movement of molecules using atp.
What are the charactristics of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Aren’t stratified but appear stratified because of the different heights of the cells.
Usually have cilia or other cellular projections
What is Transitional epithelium (Urothelium)?
Look like an umbrella
Where can transitional epithelial cells be found?
urinary bladder because it looks like an umberlla.
What type of epithelium contains Cilia?
Simple and pseudo stratified columnar
What is keratin and what type of epithelial tissue is it found on?
A layer of uneucleated cells that is found on stratified squamous
What is the basement membrane?
semipermeable filter at the basal side for substances reaching epithelial cells from below.
What is the reticular lamina?
A layer that is less dense than the basal lamina and sits below it
What is the basal lamina? Where does sit?
A thin electron dense sheet like structure of fine fibrils.
It sits at the top of the basment membrane (closest to the epithelial cells)
What are anchoring junctions?
Junctions that anchor cells together
