Pack 1 - Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is a polymer ?

Answer 1

molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

Question 2

What is a monomer ?

Answer 2

smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 3

What does organic mean (in organic catalysts - enzymes) ?

Answer 3

contains carbon

Question 4

What is an isomer ?

Answer 4

isomer have the same atoms but they are arranged differently

Question 5

What is a qualitative test ?

Answer 5

qualitative analysis shows whether a particular substance is present (or not), but does not give an indication of how much is present

Question 6

What is a colorimeter ?

Answer 6

a device that measures the absorbance of particular wavelengths of light by a specific solution

Question 7

What is making a range of dilutions called ?

Answer 7

dilutions series / series dilutions

Question 8

What does triglyceride mean ?

Answer 8

glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids, they are also called fats / lipids

Question 9

What is the functional group called on a fatty acid ?

Answer 9

carboxylic / carboxyl group

Question 10

What is the variable region of a molecule called ?

Answer 10

R group

Question 11

What is the meaning of hydrophilic ?

Answer 11

attracted to water

Question 12

What is the meaning of hydrophobic ?

Answer 12

repelled by water

Question 13

What is a polar molecule ?

Answer 13

a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge

Question 14

What is a metabolite ?

Answer 14

produced / used in metabolic reactions

Question 15

What is a solvent ?

Answer 15

a substance that dissolves a solute resulting in a solution

Question 16

What is a solute ?

Answer 16

a chemically different liquid, solid or gas

Question 17

What is it important that water is a solvent ?

Answer 17

water is a solvent so metabolic reactions can occur faster in solution

Question 18

What is cohesion ?

Answer 18

the same type of molecules are attracted to each other

Question 19

What does adhesion mean ?

Answer 19

the joining of two different types of molecules due to attractive forces (eg water molecules binding to the inside of xylem vessels)

Question 20

What are xylem cells ?

Answer 20

tube like transport cells of plants that carry columns of water up plants from the roots to the leaves

Question 21

What is transpiration ?

Answer 21

the movement of water up through a plant from roots, through the stem, and then out through the leaves

Question 22

What is surface tension ?

Answer 22

cohesion between small molecules produces surface tension supporting small organisms, surface tension is a property of water seen when it meets air (it is caused by the many hydrogen bonds between the water molecules)

Question 23

What does pH stand for ?

Answer 23

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution / a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acidic and higher values are more alkaline / the pH is equal to -log10 so the higher the hydrogen ion concentration (in moles per dm-3) the lower the pH

Question 24

What is co-transport ?

Answer 24

a process in which two substances are simultaneously transported across a membrane by one protein / when both substances are transported in the same direction the transport protein is known as a symport

Question 25

What does ATP mean ?

Answer 25

adenosine triphosphate