PACES - Images Flashcards
What do the labels show?
What is the underlying pathology
osteoarthritis
T1W MRI appearance
fat - bright
fluid - dark
1 thing is bright
most anatomical image
T2 weighted MRI appearance
Fat bright
fluid bright
2 things are bright - used more commonly
bone on MRI vs CT
MRI - dark
CT - bright
CT appearance of tissues
- air - dark
- coagulated blood - bright
- bone - very bright
What are the features and pathology depicted
rheumatoid arthritis
features on x-ray (LESS)
- loss of joint space,
- erosions,
- soft tissue swelling,
- subluxation & deformity
also may see deformity + deviations e.g. ulnar deviation
What are the features and pathology depicted
rheumatoid arthritis
features on x-ray (LESS)
- loss of joint space,
- erosions,
- soft tissue swelling,
- subluxation & deformity
also may see deformity + deviations e.g. ulnar deviation
What is adequate inspiration for CXR?
6 anterior ribs
What are differentials for cardiomegaly on CXR?
Heart failure Dilated cardiomyopathy Pericardial effusion Only assess on PA
how to determine roughly what lobe is affected on CXR?
- above horizontal fissure - R upper lobe
- heart border obstructed - R middle lobe
- R costophrenic - R lower lobe
infective causes of cavitating lesion on CXR
TB, S. Aureus, Klebsiella
type of imaging
what is shown
ERCP - Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography + cholangiogram
- side viewing scope is used
- ampulla of vater is cannulated + dye injected → cholangiogram
- shows multiple gallstones in the CBD
- bile duct very dilated, normally approximately to age of pt in decades/10 in mm once over 30s
- this can be a diagnostic and therapeutic investigation
normal bile duct diameter - rough guide
over the age of 30s
expect to be age in decades/10 as mm value
i.e. 40 → 4mm
what is the pathology here?
type of imaging modality
SBO obstruction
AXR
DSA vs CT angiogram
digital subtraction angiogram - x-rays of dye in vessels during interventional procedure e.g. stenting
CT angiogram - contrast given and CT done so can scroll through like slices
type of imaging
pathology
AXR
sigmoid volvulus
- coffee bean
modality of imaging
pathology
AXR
-
PSEUDOOBSTRUCTION
- distension of the whole large bowel and rectum
- air in the rectum
- air all the way from R colon to the rectum
- presents like LBO
- not mechanical obstruction
what are the features of AS on x-ray? (spine)
- subchondral erosions
- diffuse syndesmophytes → bamboo spine
- sclerosis
- squaring of the lumbar vertebrae
- sacroiliac joint narrowing (wider in early disease)
- end stage may be narrow line or not visible
what is shown here?
hiatus hernia
sliding (fundus displaced above the diaphragm)
diagnosis
diverticulosis
SUprachindylar fracture
look for dispacement and the line throgh raius not gi through the capitellum
Effusion nterior bigger than normal, any posterior is pathological
Nerve damage: AIN most common wich compormises lateral flexion from FDP
Complication: cubitus Varus
Cubital fossa anatomy
TAN
brachial tendon , brachial artery, brachial nerve
Colles
Median nerve damage can occur
risks of anterolateral vs posteiror hip replacement
anteriolateral: abductors are taken off and the failure to reattach them can caue trendelenburg gait
Posterior: sciatic nerve damage and increased risk of dislocation
abdominal scars
thoracostomy scars
uses
anterolateral (5th ICS uner the nipple)
posterolateral (round the back, medial scapula)
lobectomy, pneumonectomy, lung volume reducing surgery (bullectomy)
Open biopsy
single lung transplant
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (anterolateral)
scar for doble lung transplant
clam shell
Subclavian - pacemaker, usually palpable
CT thorax: Aortic type B dissection
dissection = double lumen
aneurism = big
osteosarcoma
ewigs
