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PACES > PACES - Images > Flashcards

PACES - Images Flashcards

1
Q

What do the labels show?

What is the underlying pathology

A

osteoarthritis

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2
Q

T1W MRI appearance

A

fat - bright

fluid - dark

1 thing is bright

most anatomical image

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3
Q

T2 weighted MRI appearance

A

Fat bright

fluid bright

2 things are bright - used more commonly

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4
Q

bone on MRI vs CT

A

MRI - dark

CT - bright

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5
Q

CT appearance of tissues

A
  • air - dark
  • coagulated blood - bright
  • bone - very bright
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6
Q

What are the features and pathology depicted

A

rheumatoid arthritis

features on x-ray (LESS)

  • loss of joint space,
  • erosions,
  • soft tissue swelling,
  • subluxation & deformity

also may see deformity + deviations e.g. ulnar deviation

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7
Q

What are the features and pathology depicted

A

rheumatoid arthritis

features on x-ray (LESS)

  • loss of joint space,
  • erosions,
  • soft tissue swelling,
  • subluxation & deformity

also may see deformity + deviations e.g. ulnar deviation

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8
Q

What is adequate inspiration for CXR?

A

6 anterior ribs

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9
Q

What are differentials for cardiomegaly on CXR?

A

Heart failure Dilated cardiomyopathy Pericardial effusion Only assess on PA

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10
Q

how to determine roughly what lobe is affected on CXR?

A
  • above horizontal fissure - R upper lobe
  • heart border obstructed - R middle lobe
  • R costophrenic - R lower lobe
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11
Q

infective causes of cavitating lesion on CXR

A

TB, S. Aureus, Klebsiella

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12
Q

type of imaging

what is shown

A

ERCP - Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography + cholangiogram

  • side viewing scope is used
  • ampulla of vater is cannulated + dye injected → cholangiogram
  • shows multiple gallstones in the CBD
    • bile duct very dilated, normally approximately to age of pt in decades/10 in mm once over 30s
  • this can be a diagnostic and therapeutic investigation
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13
Q

normal bile duct diameter - rough guide

A

over the age of 30s

expect to be age in decades/10 as mm value

i.e. 40 → 4mm

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14
Q

what is the pathology here?

type of imaging modality

A

SBO obstruction

AXR

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15
Q

DSA vs CT angiogram

A

digital subtraction angiogram - x-rays of dye in vessels during interventional procedure e.g. stenting

CT angiogram - contrast given and CT done so can scroll through like slices

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16
Q

type of imaging

pathology

A

AXR

sigmoid volvulus

  • coffee bean
17
Q

modality of imaging

pathology

A

AXR

  • PSEUDOOBSTRUCTION
    • distension of the whole large bowel and rectum
    • air in the rectum
    • air all the way from R colon to the rectum
    • presents like LBO
    • not mechanical obstruction
18
Q

what are the features of AS on x-ray? (spine)

A
  • subchondral erosions
  • diffuse syndesmophytes → bamboo spine
  • sclerosis
  • squaring of the lumbar vertebrae
  • sacroiliac joint narrowing (wider in early disease)
    • end stage may be narrow line or not visible
19
Q

what is shown here?

A

hiatus hernia

sliding (fundus displaced above the diaphragm)

20
Q

diagnosis

A

diverticulosis

21
Q
A

SUprachindylar fracture
look for dispacement and the line throgh raius not gi through the capitellum

Effusion nterior bigger than normal, any posterior is pathological

Nerve damage: AIN most common wich compormises lateral flexion from FDP

Complication: cubitus Varus

22
Q

Cubital fossa anatomy

A

TAN
brachial tendon , brachial artery, brachial nerve

23
Q
A

Colles

Median nerve damage can occur

24
Q

risks of anterolateral vs posteiror hip replacement

A

anteriolateral: abductors are taken off and the failure to reattach them can caue trendelenburg gait

Posterior: sciatic nerve damage and increased risk of dislocation

25
Q

abdominal scars

A
26
Q

thoracostomy scars

uses

A

anterolateral (5th ICS uner the nipple)
posterolateral (round the back, medial scapula)

lobectomy, pneumonectomy, lung volume reducing surgery (bullectomy)
Open biopsy
single lung transplant
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (anterolateral)

27
Q

scar for doble lung transplant

A

clam shell

28
Q
A

Subclavian - pacemaker, usually palpable

29
Q
A

CT thorax: Aortic type B dissection

dissection = double lumen

aneurism = big

30
Q
A

osteosarcoma

31
Q
A

ewigs

PACES (6 decks)

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