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STI > PAC1 > Flashcards

PAC1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sampled analogue electric signal

A

Type of signal that can take any magnitude but is only defined by discrete time instants

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2
Q

Causal system

A

The output depends only on present and past inputs, this creates a delay

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3
Q

The accuracy of a system does not depend on its own calibration (T,F )

A

F

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4
Q

The main drawback of an open loop automatic system is its instability (T,F)

A

F

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5
Q

In a closed loop automatic control system, the controller is the element in charge of information output (T,F)

A

F

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6
Q

In a system with negative feedback the controller determines the signal necessary in charge to act upon the process in order to invert its dynamics (T,F)

A

T

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7
Q

Electric sensor

A

Device able to turn a physical magnitude into an electric signal

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8
Q

Electric sensor ideal features (2)

A
  1. Low energetic disturbance of the environment to be measured.
  2. Proportional relation between the physical magnitud and the electric signal
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9
Q

Cycloconverter

A

Transforms AC input into AC output

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10
Q

What does a periodic effective value indicate ?

A

Is equivalent to a continuous signal, it produces the same calorific energy in a resistance

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11
Q

The precision of an open loop control system does not depend on its calibration (T,F)

A

F

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12
Q

In an open loop control system the disturbances presence stop it to achieve the assigned function (T,F)

A

T

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13
Q

In a system with negative feedback the controller determines the signal required for the process while not inverting its dynamics.

A

F

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14
Q

A system with negative feedback allows the action on a physical variable for making its value and the desired equal, it is independent from disturbances (T,F)

A

T

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15
Q

Types of uncertainties of an electronic system

A

1) Instrumental: the measuring action with an instrument implies an interaction with the system itself.
2) Intrinsic: for describing the state of a system is needed infinite information

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16
Q

In a converter AC - AC relevant characteristics of regulation

A
  • harmonic distortion: it is a measure moved away from the output wave form respect the other with sinusoidal form.
  • potential factor (FP): relation between active (P) and apparent (S) power, gives a measure of the capacity of a load to absorb active power.
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17
Q

The AC mean value is nule (T,F)

A

T

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18
Q

The mean value of AC with 2V of offset is nule (T,F)

A

F

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19
Q

An square AC signal with 2V peak value and also a 2V offset has a maximum value of 3V (T,F)

A

F

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20
Q

For a signal v(t)=28,28sin(100pit), its effective value is 20V (T,F)

A

T

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21
Q

Inestable system

A

Has inputs that leads the system to divergent outputs

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22
Q

The principal drawback of an open loop automatic control system is the instability problems (T,F)

A

F

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23
Q

An open loop control system is strong in face of perturbances if the system is well calibrated (T,F)

A

F

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24
Q

A system with negative feedback acts on the process to invert its dynamics (T,F)

A

T

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25
Q

A system with negative feedback is strong in face of perturbances (T,F)

A

T

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26
Q

Accuracy

A

Instrument capacity for giving measures near the real value

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27
Q

Precision

A

The grade where the measurements done in same conditions give the same value

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28
Q

Resolution

A

Thee minimum increment of an input that can change the output

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29
Q

What have in common the thermionic effect and a p-n semiconductor

A

There is current only in anode-cathode direction if it is applied a previous polarization

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30
Q

Ideal characteristics of a ecstatic converter wave form

A
  • regulation: robust to load and line perturbances
  • harmonic distortion: ideal equal to 0
  • power factor: ideal equal to 1
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31
Q

Electric signal

A

Alteration in the value of an electrical magnitude (potential or current) which is used to represent and transmit information

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32
Q

Noise

A

Detected signal that does not carry any useful information

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33
Q

Interference

A

Noise of another communication channel

34
Q

What indicates the effective value of a periodic signal

A

Indicates the average power that the signal delivers

35
Q

Equivalent of effective value

A

constant DC value that would spend the same thermal power on a resistor

36
Q

The accuracy of an open loop depends on its own calibration (T,F)

A

T

37
Q

In an open loop the presence of disturbances in the chain does not prevent it from accomplishing its assigned function (T,F)

A

F

38
Q

In a closed loop the controller is the one in charge of operating on the process in order to follow the set point (T,F)

A

T

39
Q

The main drawback of a closed system is its connectivity problems (T,F)

A

F

40
Q

Advantages of electronic measurement systems use

A
  • nature of matter: any physical magnitude change can be detected as electrical properties change
  • easy amplified, transmitted and stored
  • high amplifications allow detectors to be very small
  • miniaturization allows less intrusive measurements (terms of energy taken from the system)
41
Q

Objectives of signal processing system

A

Dealing with the maximum amount of information using the minimal amount of resources (including time)

42
Q

Objectives of an energy processing system

A

Converts one form of electric energy into another according to our needs with the maximal efficiency (minimal loss)

43
Q

Conversion of an inverter converter

A

DC - AC

44
Q

Time invariant sysyem

A

Behavior and characteristics do not change in time.

45
Q

A capacitor is time invariant (T,F)

A

T

46
Q

The accuracy of an open loop relies only upon its own calibration (T,F)

A

T

47
Q

An open loop is robust against the precense of external disturbances (T,F)

A

F

48
Q

A system with positive feedback acts upon a process without reverting its dynamics (T,F)

A

T

49
Q

A system with negative feedback is robust against the presence of external and internal disturbances (T,F)

A

T

50
Q

Sensor

A

Device that converts value of any physical magnitude into an electrical signal

51
Q

Role of a sensor in a negative feedback system

A

Detect the state of the controlled system which allows for the feedback control to revert the deviation with respect the expected value

52
Q

Why is essential in the field of electronic components the use of semiconductor materials

A

We can control the electrical conductivity of these materials by acting upon their inner structure and by applying different electric potentials to them

53
Q

Rectifier converts

A

AC - DC

54
Q

Types of full wave rectifier circuits and differences

A
  • rectifying bridge: four diodes, two diodes with a central tap at the secondary winding of the input transformer
  • transformer: has electric isolation between input and output, has two diodes that must withstand two times the reverse voltage than the bridge’s diodes for the same output voltage
55
Q

Closed loop system characteristics

A
  • brings back the output to the input through feedback process
    compares the output with the set point value in order to modify the response of a system according to their difference
56
Q

Semiconductor type N

A

Semiconductor crystal to which atoms (doping impurities) have been added
- with 5 electrons in the valence (bonds) band
- silicon impurities are usually phosphorous
- when atoms form bonds with silicon the unpaired electrons can produce current through the semiconductor using little energy

57
Q

Positive feedback

A
  • increases the difference between the output and the reference point value
  • used for the design of comparators and oscillators
58
Q

Negative feedback

A
  • reduces the difference between the output and the reference value
  • used for regulation of systems
59
Q

Analysis

A

Development of procedures for obtaining a determinate output signal

60
Q

Synthesis

A

Choice of components interconnection and set of values for obtaining a particular behavior

61
Q

Causality

A

The output only depends on present and past inputs
-implies a delay

62
Q

Stability

A

Small inputs lead to outputs that dont diverge

63
Q

Analogue signal

A

Continuous values of time and magnitude

64
Q

Sampled signal

A

Continuous magnitude values with discrete time values

65
Q

Digital signal

A

Discrete time and magnitude values

66
Q

Transducer

A

Turns energy from a physical magnitude to another

67
Q

Modulator sensors

A

Need an auxiliary energy supply

68
Q

Generator sensors

A

The energy needed is supplied by the process itself

69
Q

Range

A

Difference between the highest and the lowest limits of a measurement

70
Q

Ideal electric sensor features

A
  • Low energetic disturbance of environment
  • Proportional relation between physical magnitude and electric signal
71
Q

Chopper conversion

A
  • DC - DC
72
Q

Rectifier conversion

A

AC - DC

73
Q

Inverter conversion

A

DC - AC

74
Q

Cycloconverter conversion

A

AC - AC

75
Q

Passive component

A

Absorbs energy

76
Q

Active component

A

Delivers energy

77
Q

P semiconductor

A

Majority charge carriers are holes in the valence band (Boron)

78
Q

N semiconductors

A

Majority charge carriers are electrons in the conduction band (phosphorous)

79
Q

Requirements for a rectifier diode

A
  • low forward voltage drop
  • high reverse breakdown voltage
  • low reverse current (leakage)
80
Q

Zener diode characteristics

A
  • behaves like a normal diode when forward biasing
  • conducts in reverse biasing when voltage reaches breakdown (zener voltage)
  • limited current
  • overpower risk = easy to burn
81
Q

Zener voltage

A

Breakdown voltage value, the zener diode starts to conduct in reverse biasing

STI (1 decks)

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