PA HIST Final

Question 1

Cultural Geography

Answer 1

The imprint of culture on landscape. Also examines how

worldviews, religion, industry, tourism, and business shape a particular region.

Question 2

Nomads in PA

Answer 2

hunter-gatherers in PA left evidence to first peoples south of Alaska. Traveled as much as 20,000 square miles per year.
Worked in bands of 25-50 people. Hunted with atlatls.

Question 3

William Penn’s Goals

Answer 3

Penn planned to find a place where all fellow Quakers could create a “Holy Experiment”

Question 4

The Walking Purchase

Answer 4

Gov. James Logan and the Penns tricked Delaware Indians into giving the colonists the amount of land determined by how far one could walk in 1.5 days.
Ended up being 750,000 acres

Question 5

The Ohio Country

Answer 5

was the most valuable land. The area was claimed by Virginia.
Gov. Robert Dinwiddie sent militia but was peaceably kicked out by the French. In the meantime, the French begin the formidable Fort Duquesne.

Question 6

Braddock’s March/Defeat

Answer 6

To end disputes in the Ohio Country, General Edward Braddock and 1,400 British troops were sent to Virginia and Pennsylvania.
The British had tried again to capture Fort Duquesne. Braddock was mortally wounded in the fight.

Question 7

Mary Jemison

Answer 7

PA women and children especially were open to attacks, kidnappings, and adopting—including 12-year-old Mary Jemison in 1755.

Question 8

The Forbes Road

Answer 8

A British military road of 300 miles that connected modern-day Chambersburg and Pittsburgh. Parallel to Braddock’s Road built prior to the 1754 British disaster near the Forks.

Question 9

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 9

This war combined multiple Indian nations fighting against British for postwar British policy overland

Question 10

First Continental Congress

Answer 10

Met in Philadephia to define America’s grievances, explain their Constitutional relationship with Britain, and would obey parliament but resist unfair taxes

Question 11

Valley Forge Importance

Answer 11

Used as a fort to rebuild Washington’s army through the winter and it was Still close to Philadelphia and he could also keep an eye on the British forces

Question 12

Virtuous Republic

Answer 12

1. If citizens did not sacrifice for the common good of the whole, government could not survive.
2. When citizens sought to improve their own economic conditions, the nation would benefit.
3. Government allowing for more political participation.

Question 13

Slavery in PA

Answer 13

became the first state to adopt graduation abolition, those who reached 28 would be freed but those already passed 28 would not be free

Question 14

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 14

Federal government began to tax on whiskey distillers, farmers were taxed 25% for distilled goods ruining many farmers. Farmers rebelled causing violence
forcing Washington to bring his army into action

Question 15

Battle of Lake Erie

Answer 15

Lake Erie was the central route to the fate of Canada in 1813 a massive The naval battle took place between the British fleet against the Americans, Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British taking control of the great lake thus the war on Great lakes

Question 16

Pennsylvania Canal

Answer 16

PA created 1,200 miles worth of canals across the state, created to reduce travel time when crossing the Allegheny Mountains, the state partnered with Portage Railroad

Question 17

PA Main Line

Answer 17

the primary corridor that connected Philadelphia and Pitsburg via Harrisburg with Primitive locomotives (start of trains as transportation)

Question 18

Horseshoe Curve

Answer 18

The solution to the PRR’s main dilemma, unable to build over the mountain they build the tracks on the ledges of the hills. The 2,400 foot-long curvature is an engineering marvel

Question 19

Christiana Riot

Answer 19

A Maryland master was killed trying to take repossession of escaped slaves. A deadly shootout ensued in Christiana between the master’s men and local African Americans. Highlighted growing tensions resulting from the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Question 20

John Brown

Answer 20

Radical abolitionist who used PA as a staging ground for a raid into the South to end slavery. Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, VA fails but takes the nation closer to civil war.

Question 21

Allegheny Arsenal

Answer 21

PA provided millions of tons of war materials, supplies, and weapons. Pittsburgh was the largest of them with the Allegheny Arsenal—which produced bullets and powder. An explosion in 1862 killed 78 female workers.

Question 22

War Governors’ Conference

Answer 22

Union victory at Antietam pushed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation—the document to free the slaves of the South. To aid this move, PA governor Andrew Curtin organized a meeting of northern governors in Altoona. A contentious debate led to a declaration of Loyal support.

Question 23

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 23

PA general John Reynolds was killed on July 1. Losing the battle on the first day, Union soldiers were on the brink of disaster. Fellow Pennsylvania commanders Winfield Hancock and George Meade rallied the army. Pickett’s Charge ended the fight. At the end of the three-day battle, 54,000 were casualties.

Question 24

Breaker Boys

Answer 24

separated slate and rock from coal beeing processed from the mines

Question 25

Molly Maguires

Answer 25

A secret society of Irish immigrants who conspired against PA mine bosses through the 1870s, resulting in assassinations and sabotage

Question 26

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 26

A Scottish immigrant from rags to riches, first worked with PRR, invested in steel then created his million dollars steel company and then gave away 90% of his wealth

Question 27

Homestead Strike

Answer 27

Steelworkers went on strike for 5 months, Henry Frick hired Pinkerton Detectives that then battled with strikers along the Monongahela River

Question 28

1877 Railroad Strike

Answer 28

After the 1873 depression, managers cut wages, increased work, and laid-off workers—especially those who had joined unions. PRR president Thomas Scott had to cut workers because he no longer could ship John Rockefeller’s oil by train. Oil was now sent by pipeline.

Question 29

Milton Hershey’s Mission

Answer 29

remains the most famous candy man in history, Born in Derry Township, He believed not in exploiting his workers “utopian ideal” and harmony at the workplace

Question 30

Ida Tarbell

Answer 30

Female Activist, launched modern investigative journalism with her exposé articles on oil monopolies. Women demanding to vote met strong opposition. The vote was granted with the 19th Amendment in 1920.

Question 31

Keystone Division

Answer 31

The 28thth Infantry Division (nicknamed the “Bloody Bucket” division by Germans), consisted almost entirely of Pennsylvania soldiers. Still, continues to serve as a PA military pillar to this day.

Question 32

Coatsville Incident

Answer 32

A mob of more than 1000 people burned Zachariah Walker alive, while he was handcuffed and shackled to his hospital bed after killing a cop in “self-defense.”

Question 33

The New Deal in PA

Answer 33

President Franklin Roosevelt introduced public works projects to revive the economy. Opposed to this plan, Pennsylvania’s Republican leaders did their best to block Federal relief dollars. The Depression drove many voters away from the old party of Lincoln. Pennsylvanians sought assistance.

Question 34

The Steagles

Answer 34

in World war 2 the NFL didn’t have enough players so Pittsburg and Philadelphia combine teams creating the team The Steagles

Question 35

PA Turnpike

Answer 35

In the Great Depression, the PA Turnpike revolutionized travel, traveled across the state the first road of it’s kind and helped lay the groundwork for U.S. interstates

Question 36

Donora

Answer 36

The Donora Zinc Works factory was near Pittsburg that was always emitting sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, and metal dust in the air, killing 20 people and making 7000 sick, lead to clean air act

Question 37

Levittown

Answer 37

created as a planned community that marked the beginning of suburbs, middle-class families sought away from the city, the town became segregated marking racial limits (Urban sprawl, commuters, urban decay)

Question 38

Urban Decay

Answer 38

With the rise of suburbs and “white flight” metropolitan areas were left to decline amidst deterioration, crime, and neglect

Question 39

Centralia

Answer 39

An old mining town was used as a dump for trash locals hoped to clean up the area by setting fire to the garbage igniting the old mine underneath it is still burning today “Graffiti Highway”

Question 40

Rachel Carson

Answer 40

She is the grandmother of the environmental movement, in 1962 her book Silent Spring warns of the negative effects of pesticides on the environment

Question 41

Three Mile Island

Answer 41

This was the most serious accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant operating history, although its small radioactive releases. Its aftermath brought about changes involving emergency response planning, reactor operator training, human factors engineering, radiation protection, and many other areas of nuclear power plant operations.

Question 42

Joe Paterno

Answer 42

Head coach of Penn State Football from 66-2011, built a world-class program and Got the record for most wins as a head coach in NCAA history, in 2010 was dismissed because of the Jerry Sandusky scandal

Question 43

Quecreek Mine

Answer 43

In 2002 50 million gallons of water trapped nine coal miners underground, Gov. Schweiker’s moved fast saving all the miners just 50 miles from where flight 93 went down

Question 44

Threats to Amish

Answer 44

Some 290,000 Amish reside in the United States. Urban sprawl, threats to traditional life, and the burden of tourists have driven many Amish out of PA.

Question 45

United 93

Answer 45

Sep 11th, 2000 flight 93 was hijacked by 4 Al-Qaeda the 40 passengers on board took the situation into their own hands forcing the plane into the ground avoiding anyone else getting attacked.

Question 46

Fracking

Answer 46

More than 350,000 wells have been drilled, is used to extract natural gas that resides in Shale rock thousands of feet below the ground

Question 47

Voter Suppression

Answer 47

State Republican leaders attempted to limit poor and minority voting by enacting voter ID laws