PA Final Exam (Unit 2) Flashcards
If a man has a hip to waist ratio of .97 what level health risk is he in?
Moderate
What is the traditional muscle group exercise order?
large muscle groups are performed before smaller muscle groups
__________is a type of muscle action that occurs when a muscle shortens
Concentric Contraction
The standing long jump test is measuring what component of skill-related fitness?
Power
These type of muscle fibers are more aerobic, generate low force for longer periods of time, have greater blood flow, more mitochondria content, and appear darker on a biopsy
Type 1 fibers
Integrating sensory information and coordinating necessary muscles
Role of neuromuscular system
The difference between a skill and general movement is:
Skills require feedback to develop mastery
Which Medication is used primarily to treat Obesity
Wegovy
The goal (very low risk) for a woman’s waist-to-hip ratio is
<.80
Name the hormone that is secreted in the stomach, sends signals to the brain when the body is hungry, and reduced in an obese person?
Ghrelin
If someone shows signs of “Lower Crossed Syndrome” Which of the following muscles would be considered “Tight”
Hip Flexors
Whats the minimum percentage of essential fat in men?
3%
What type of fat is more metabolically active and secretes harmful inflammatory substances that can contribute to chronic conditions?
Visceral
A VO2 max of 52 ml/kg/min for a 25 year old male is considered
good
Which Semaglutide Medication is used to treat type 2 diabetes and prevent major cardiovascular problems in certain patients
Ozempic
Which of the following is not an example of Muscular Power
Plank
Which of the following makes up a similar percentage of overall weight in men and women
Organs
This technique of measuring body composition can measure lean body mass, fat mass, total body water, and bone density. It is the most accurate measure and considered the gold standard
DEXA scan
40 yard Dash at the NFL Combine Tests which Skill related fitness goal
speed
What is the most popular measure of measuring activity volume?
Calories per week
What is one reason central adiposity (android build) increases the risk of hypertension?
Adipose tissue has greater access to the blood stream, allowing it to drop off more fat cells into circulation
Which principle supports the need to do more than normal for benefits to occur?
Overload
The extent & direction of movement that is possible
Range of Motion
Exercises most recommended when improving ADLs (activities of daily living)
Calisthenics
The correct terminology for a Heart Attack is?
Myocardial Infarction
Which of the following is associated with an eating disorder characterized with secretive bouts of overeating followed by induced vomiting or purging
Bulimia
Define Hypertrophy
Enlargement of muscle fiber size
The ability for the brain and spinal cord to form and reorganize synaptic connections based on experience
Neuroplasticity
Which is true for heart rate?
Old individuals will have a lower maximal heart rate
What is the purpose for measuring skill-related fitness?
Determine strengths and weaknesses of movement
Muscular endurance is the ability of your heart and
lungs to fuel your body with oxygen
false
When developing a resistance training program, which of the following is true?
Expect PRs to gradually plateau after experiencing rapid gains
Static stretching requires holding a stretch for approximately how long
15-30 seconds
After the brain sends a signal to initiate a certain movement, ____________ needs to receive the signal to contract its specific fibers
Motor Neuron
The ability to change body position and direction quickly and efficiently is:
Agility
Exercise must be performed several times per week on a habitual basis to enhance physical fitness
The principle of Regularity
Which of the following skills is also a component of health-related fitness?
Power
Functional Fitness is Defined as:
Training for proper muscular recruitment to perform ADLs
An athlete will benefit most from what form of training?
Free weights
All of the following are ways to apply progressive overload principle to a workout EXCEPT:
Decrease length of workout
There are approximately __________ Calories in a pound of fat.
3500
What type of Fat is necessary for normal physiological function?
Essential Fat
What are the PA recommendations for adults in regard to strength training?
Muscle strengthening activities 2 or more days/week
What is the appropriate exercise order of the following exercise
Dynamic Warm up, Power Cleans, Bench Press, Bicep Curls
The initial gains during a fitness program for a beginner are mainly:
Neural
Which Body type has the greatest effect on overall health, including an increased risk for CVD?
Android
Flexibility is important for all of the following except:
Minimize Cramping
Which of the following would be the least likely to improve aerobic fitness?
Walking for 15 minutes, 2 days per week
If the goal is to improve muscular strength, how would one train the different muscle groups
Heavy weight, few reps, long rest between sets
Which of the following does not affect aerobic fitness?
Flexibility
As forward tilt of the head increases, the weight on the spine
Increases
Factors influencing flexibility include all the following except
Muscle mass
Why is too much sodium a bad thing for someone with CVD?
Increases Blood pressure
Which of the following Neuromotor training progressions is considered a level 3 difficulty
Backwards Walking
The back scratch test helps to determine what?
Shoulder Flexibility
Dwayne has a BMI of 31.6 kg/m2. His BMI category is:
obese
Which Technique of assessing body composition is based on the principle that fat tissue is a less efficient conductor of electrical current than lean tissue
Bioelectrical Impedance
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
CVD
CVD risk factors that CANNOT be altered
Race
Define Stroke Volume:
mount of blood pumped per beat by the left Ventricle
Which is accepted and recommended formula for determining heart rate?
Max HR= 208- (.7xage)
If someone shows signs of “Upper Crossed Syndrome” Which of the following muscles would be considered “Weak”
Middle Trapezius
Body Composition is:
Fat and Fat free tissues
Which of the following is a benefit of resistance training
increase lean mass
What percentage Ejection Fraction can lead to Heart Failure
40%
What is an important consideration when working with an individual struggling with obesity?
Android Body Types have a greater risk of CVD due to higher Visceral Fat
In the FMS Assessment what score is considered a “Passing Score”
2
What does it mean when fine motor skills require more motor neurons with a smaller innervation ratio
More neural signals are needed to coordinate the movements
A common assessment of muscular strength is called the __________, in which the goal is to lift as much as possible on a strength exercise with proper technique for 1 repetition only
one-repetition maximum (1RM)
Which of the following categorizes someone with a “High Cholesterol” status and increases their risk for multiple CV Diseases
240 mg/dl
Name an indicator of a positive CV adaptation to exercise?
Lower resting heart rate
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between cardiorespiratory endurance and risk of cardiovascular disease?
As cardiorespiratory endurance increases, risk decreases
Its possible to overstretch muscles which can lead to injury
true
Which Proprioceptor senses tension in the muscle and is located in the muscle tendon? Helps with preventing Injury
Golgi Tendon Organ
The ability to exert maximum effort in a very short time refers to:
Muscular Power
PNF Stretching incorporates passive and active stretching
true
Cardiorespiratory endurance is considered the most important aspect of physical fitness because:
It reduces risks for chronic disease and improves quality of life
When we discuss movement, we reference the muscles involved with terms such as “agonist” and “antagonist”. What does the term “antagonist” refer to?
The muscle that relaxes and lengthens to produce the intended movement
An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to plaque buildup in major blood vessels throughout the body. When a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged, blood flow is reduced, and brain tissue starts to die. What CV condition is this describing?
stroke
How does physical activity reduce the risk of excessive plaque buildup and atherosclerotic development
PA increases HDL cholesterol
Which of the following is true regarding resistance training?
You cannot grow more muscle fibers, only fiber size
Cardiac Output is defined as:
HR X SV
The principle that underscores the need for greater demands to be placed on the body during successive workouts over time if improvement is to be achieved
overload
VO2 max refers to maximum:
Oxygen consumption
A good HDL-C measurement indicating a low CVD risk:
60+ mg/dl
What percent of people who lose weight will regain all the weight within three years?
97%
Is the inflammation of the heart muscle usually caused by viral, bacterial or fungal infections which reach the heart
Myocarditis
irregular heartbeat caused by a malfunction in the
heart’s electrical conduction system that causes Heart to beat too slow?
bradycardia
The _________is commonly used to measure __________, which is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force repeatedly over time
Push up test; muscular endurance
Which of the following neuromotor disorders recommends functional training but requires caution with implementation?
Traumatic Brain injury
