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American Politics > PA > Flashcards

PA Flashcards

1
Q

liberty and property?

A

John Locke

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2
Q

Occupy Wall Street movement?

A

Correction of today’s economic inequalities

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3
Q

There were several factors that significantly contributed to the government structure outlined in the Articles of Confederation. What was one of them?

A

Americans wished the government to be representative of the states.

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4
Q

Major difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution?

A

The Articles of Confederation did not provide for a national judiciary.

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5
Q

Great Compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that was finalized in the Constitution establish?

A

A two-chamber Congress

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6
Q

Three-fifths compromise?

A

Slave states to count three-fifths of their enslaved population for the purpose of representation.

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7
Q

Federalist argument in support of the ratification of the Constitution?

A

Strong national government= better for national defense & economic growth

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8
Q

James Madison referencing when he stated, “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition” in Federalist, no. 51?

A

Separation of powers and checks and balances

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9
Q

Judicial check on the executive branch?

A

The Supreme Court can declare actions by the executive branch unconstitutional.

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10
Q

Legislative check on the judicial branch?

A

Congress can change the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction.

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11
Q

Members of the Senate have more legislative power than members of the House of Representatives?

A

Smaller number of Senate members compared to the representatives

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12
Q

Equal proportions method of congressional apportionment?

A

Congressional districts are drawn in order to maintain similar numbers of voters in each district.

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13
Q

Congressional allocation that would influence the national budget to help a member of congress’s district or state?

A

Funds for the building of an airport in a congressperson’s district

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14
Q

Why is the House Rules Committee one of the most powerful committees in the U.S. House of Representatives?

A

It determines the rules for debate and in what order to schedule consideration of bills in the House.

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15
Q

Term limits for the president?

A

22nd

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16
Q

Executive agreements?

A

Establish agreements with foreign countries without congressional approval

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17
Q

“Executive privilege”?

A

A president may withhold confidential communication from the courts and the legislative branch.

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18
Q

How can an outgoing president exert significant influence over a new president’s administration?

A

By having a budget that affects the ability of the incoming administration to pursue new initiatives

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19
Q

Marbury v. Madison?

A

It established the principle of judicial review.

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20
Q

How are individuals nominated to the Supreme Court?

A

They are chosen by the president of the United States.

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21
Q

14th Amendment affect the powers of the federal judiciary?

A

It expanded the judiciary’s power over states that applied laws unfairly.

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22
Q

Power reserved for the states?

A

Conducting elections

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23
Q

Amendment- States to reserve powers not explicitly granted to the national government?

A

10th

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24
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

A loose constructionist interpretation of the commerce clause

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25
Q

How do most states award votes in the Electoral College?

A

The candidate who wins the popular vote in the state gets all the electoral votes for the state.

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26
Q

Which amendment provided for the separate election of the president and vice president?

A

12th

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27
Q

Open primary system?

A

Voters registered with any political party are allowed to vote for candidates in any party during the primary.

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28
Q

What is true about campaign ads in primary elections?

A

They often try to raise the name recognition of a candidate.

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29
Q

Purpose of creating the Federal Election Commission in the 1970s?

A

To ensure transparency in campaign financing

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30
Q

Who can vote for a United States representative?

A

Any voter in the representative’s congressional district

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31
Q

Inside lobbying?

A

An attempt to sway government decision-making targeted directly at government officials

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32
Q

U.S. v. Windsor and Obergefell v. Hodges?

A

They declared DOMA unconstitutional and legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

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33
Q

How do Super PACs operate?

A

They cannot give money directly to individual candidates.

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34
Q

One common method of influence used by interest groups?

A

They target members of congressional committees that have special influence on relevant legislative areas

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35
Q

Supreme Court establish that spending on political campaigns constituted political speech that is protected by the First Amendment? Case

A

Buckley v. Valeo

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36
Q

Citizen being less likely to vote?

A

Having a lower income job

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37
Q

Required by states under the 1993 National Voter Registration Act?

A

It required states to allow citizens to register to vote when they sign up for driver’s licenses.

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38
Q

A voter casts a ballot for a candidate based solely on the candidate’s previous vote on a tax cut. Which type of voting decision is demonstrated in this situation?

A

Retrospective

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39
Q

One method used by Southern states to restrict African American voting during the early 1960s?

A

Literacy tests

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40
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson?

A

It allowed racial segregation by establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine.

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41
Q

Guarantees the right of a public trial and representation by an attorney?

A

6th

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42
Q

Focus of multiple amendments in the Bill of Rights?

A

The rights of criminal defendants

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43
Q

Supreme Court use the standard of strict scrutiny?

A

Cases that restrict fundamental rights of protected classes

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44
Q

Power of the government to take or use property for a public purpose?

A

Eminent domain

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45
Q

Mapp v. Ohio?

A

Evidence obtained without a warrant falls under the exclusionary rule and is not admissible

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46
Q

Rights for individuals to question those who testify against them and to call witnesses for their own defense?

A

6th

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47
Q

U.S. Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Fifth Amendment’s right to due process mean for citizens?

A

The government must use consistent and fair procedures if it wants to limit a citizen’s rights or seize private property.

48
Q

Brandenburg v. Ohio significant for freedom of speech?

A

It extended federal protection for abstract discussions of violence and overthrow of the government.

49
Q

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores?

A

Businesses do not have to provide employees access to birth control if it violates the business owner’s religious beliefs.

50
Q

Texas v. Johnson?

A

Flag burning is constitutionally protected political speech

51
Q

Supreme Court’s Lemon test when determining whether a law violates the establishment clause?

A

It must not inhibit nor advance a particular religious practice.

52
Q

Obergefell v. Hodges?

A

It required that same-sex marriages be recognized across states.

53
Q

Roe v. Wade?

A

It upheld that the right to privacy included a woman’s right to an abortion.

54
Q

How did the Civil War Amendments affect individual rights in the United States?

A

They expanded individual rights by extending protections to people of color

55
Q

Media agenda setting?

A

Agenda setting determines which events deserve public attention

56
Q

Principle of prior restraint?

A

The government can prevent some information from being published if it affects national security

57
Q

Which legislation required the executive branch of the U.S. government to provide information requested by citizens?

A

The Freedom of Information Act

58
Q

How do presidents use mandates after an election?

A

They use their public support to implement campaign promises

59
Q

Why is the Supreme Court affected less by public opinion than other government organizations?

A

The justices are not elected but are appointed

60
Q

What is one common demographic group?

A

Income

61
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A

Slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because because they were not citizens

62
Q

US v. Miller

A

1939- National Firearms Act of 1934 allowing gov to ban interstate shipping of some unregistered guns (because it was unrelated to state militias)

63
Q

Korematsu v. US

A

1944- upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans- 1988- formally apologized and agreed to pay 20K to each survivor

64
Q

Brown v. Board of EDU Topeka- 1954

A

Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, “Separate but equal) is unconstitutional in the public EDU

65
Q

Mapp v. Ohio

A

Exclusionary rule- evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court

66
Q

Gideon v. Wainwright

A

A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the Govt

67
Q

Sherbert V. Verner

A

Unemployment may not be denied on religious basis

68
Q

Griswold v. Connecticut

A

1965- right to privacy- struck down state law forbidding even married people to use any form of contraception

69
Q

Miranda v. Arizona

A

Suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by law enforcement

70
Q

Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections

A

Struck down poll tax @ state level

71
Q

Tinker v. Des Moines

A

Students have a right to symbolic speech as long as it is not disruptive

72
Q

Miller v. Cali

A

1973- avoided defining obscenity by holding that community standards be used to determine whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to a “prurient interest and being “patently offensive” and lacking in value

73
Q

Cohen v. Cali

A

arrest and conviction for disturbing the peace and wearing a jacket expressing opposition to the draft and the Vietnam war. Conviction was overturned by the supreme court since his actions were silent and he made no attempt to otherwise disturb the peace.

74
Q

Roe vs. Wade

A

1973- legalized abortion based on women’s right to privacy

75
Q

Citizens United v. Elections commision

A

2010 landmark- ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures

76
Q

Furman v. Georgia

A

struck down all state laws allowing the death penalty stating that they allowed for too much discretion on the part of the judge and jury resulting in lack of consistent admin of the penalty

77
Q

Gillette v. US

A

Individual cannot use religion to get out of a particular war, must be against all wars

78
Q

Lemon v. Kurtzman

A

1971- Aid to church related schools must have legislative purpose, primary effect that nether advances nor inhibits religion, and not foster excessive government entanglement with religion

79
Q

McDonald v. Chicago

A

Right of indiviual to keep and bear arms is protected by the 2nd amend and is incorporated by the due process clause of the 14th amend and applies to the states

80
Q

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

A

Loosened its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion from one of “strict scrutiny” of any restraints on fundamental right

81
Q

Miller v. Johnson

A

racial gerrymandering violates the equal protection clause

82
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and was ruled that federal law is stronger than the state law

83
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved for federal gov

84
Q

Minersville School District v. Gobitis

A

2 children expelled for not saluting the American flag at a school due to being Jehovah’s witnesses. SC ruled that the salute does not infringe on liberties protected by the 1st and 14th. National Unity- in the state’s interest

85
Q

w. Virgina v. Barnette

A

Schools cannot require students to salute the flag or say pledge of allegiance

86
Q

Sherbert v. Verner

A

Free exercise clause 1st amend- govt has to demonstrate compelling govt interest beofre denying unemployment comp to some one who was fired because the job conflicted with the religion of the person.

87
Q

Oregon HR v. Smith

A

state could deny unemployment benefits for violating state prohibition on the use of peyote even though use of drug was part of a religious ritual

88
Q

US v. Windsor

A

must provide benefits to married same sex couples

89
Q

Obergefell v. Hodges

A

States obligated to recognize same sex marriage from other states

90
Q

Freedom- religion, assembly, press, petition, and speech

A

1st

91
Q

Bear arms

A

2nd

92
Q

Right to not be force from home by soldiers during times of peace and without consent of the owner

A

3rd

93
Q

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets requirement for warrents

A

4th

94
Q

Right to due process, no self incrimination, eminent domain, double jeopardy, and grand jury

A

5th

95
Q

Right to speedy trial by jury and right to lawyer

A

6th

96
Q

Right to civil cases over $20

A

7th

96
Q

Right to no cruel and/or unusual punishments, no unfair bail, fines, or fees

A

8th

97
Q

Protects rights not enumerated in the constitution

A

9th

98
Q

The powers no delegated to the US by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states , are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

A

10th

99
Q

Prohibits a citizen from one states from suing another state

A

11th

100
Q

Electoral college must have two separate elections for the presidents and vice president

A

12th

101
Q

abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

A

13th

102
Q

All born in US are citizens and guaranteed equal protection of the laws

A

14th

103
Q

prohibits denial of the right to vote

A

15th

104
Q

Allows Govt to collect income tax

A

16th

105
Q

Senator by election and popular vote

A

17th

106
Q

prohibits etoh manufacturing- repealed 12/05/1933 with 21st amend

A

18th

107
Q

prohibits denial of right to vote based on sex

A

19th

108
Q

Changes the date on which terms of the president, vp, and congress end and begin

A

20th

109
Q

repeals 18th amend

A

21st

110
Q

limits how many times someone can be president

A

22nd

111
Q

grants DC electors in the electoral college

A

23rd

112
Q

prohibits revocation of voting rights due to non payment on poll tax or any other tax

A

24th

113
Q

Succession of presidency

A

25th

114
Q

Prohibits the denial of us citizens 18 yrs and older to vote

A

26th

115
Q

delays laws affecting congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election

A

27th

American Politics (1 decks)

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