P8.3 Flashcards
Obsolete
what is the doppler effect?
physical phenomena by which there is a change in the observed frequency/wavelength of a wave (due to relative motion between observer and source
what is red shift?
and what does it imply
the shift in wavelength of the lights from distant stars/galaxies to longer wavelengths
- implies stars moving away from us
what is blue shift?
and what does it imply
the shift in wavelength of the lights from distant stars/galaxies to shorter wavelengths
- implies stars moving towards us
how is red shift linked to the big-bang model?
- light from distant galaxies is red shifted
so galaxies are moving away from us - and so if all galaxies are moving away from each other, at one point all matter must have existed at a single point in space
how does the distance of a galaxy affect the red-shift?
further away = greater red-shift
means it is moving away faster
what is a spectrum?
the range of wavelengths/colours observed when light from a source is separated into separate wavelengths
how do we know if light is red shifted?
the black lines (which correspond to specific wavelengths of light absorbed by certain atoms in the star)
- have been shifted towards longer wavelengths
what is the second piece of evidence for the big bang theory?
cosmic background radiation
CMBR
what is strange about cosmic background radiation?
it fills the universe almost uniformly
describe how CMBR gives evidence for the big bang theory
- at beginning of universe, all energy manifested as short gamma rays
- universe expanded = radiation stretched out to longer wavelengths
- ie. microwave radiation
- suggests all started off at single point (as evenly fill the universe)
what is the steady state theory?
idea that all of the universe appeared at the same time
do scientists think that the galaxies themselves are moving?
no, but the space between them is somehow expanding
how was CMBR discovered?
in 1960, two scientists placed sensors.
detected microwave radiation coming from all directions
how was our sun formed?
dust and gas drawn together by gravity
what allows fusion reactions to occur in stars?
- gravitational attraction between dust particles draws them closer
- so temp + pressure increases
- so particles can fuse together