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P8 > P8.2.1 - Energy sources/ P8.2.2 - Using resources > Flashcards

P8.2.1 - Energy sources/ P8.2.2 - Using resources Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil and gas

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2
Q

How are fossil fuels formed?

A

They are formed from the remains of once living animals and/or plants

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3
Q

What do we use fossil fuels for?

A

We use them for generating electrical energy/electricity

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4
Q

What is a renewable source?

A

An energy source that will not run out (in the next million years or so)

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5
Q

What is a non-renewable source?

A

An energy source that will run out (in the next millions of years or so)

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6
Q

What are some examples of renewable energy sources?

A
  • biofuels
  • the Sun
  • tides
  • wind
  • waves
  • hot rocks beneath the ground (geothermal)
  • water high up (e.g. behind dams)(hydroelectric)
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7
Q

What are biofuels?

A

A fuel produced from biological matter for example plants or waste

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8
Q

What are nuclear fuels?

A

Fuels that heat water by energy transfer from fission (e.g. uranium)

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9
Q

What can you use to generate electricity?

A
  • Solar cells also known as solar panels

- Turbines and generators that are driven by the wind, water, falling water, steam from hot rocks, or burning biofuels

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10
Q

How can you heat your house effectively?

A
  • build houses that maximise the heating by the Sun
  • heat your house with hot water beneath the ground
  • heat water using a solar water heating system that contain water in pipes on your roof, called a solar panel
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11
Q

What energy sources can we use for heating?

A
  • fossil fuels
  • biofuels
  • the Sun
  • water pumped into hot rock
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12
Q

What energy sources can we use for transportation?

A
  • Fossil fuels

- Biofuels

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13
Q

What energy sources can we use for generating electricity?

A
  • fossil fuel
  • biofuels
  • nuclear fuel
  • solar power
  • tidal power
  • wind power
  • wave power
  • geothermal power
  • hydroelectric power
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14
Q

How do (fossil fuel) power plants work?

A
  • Burn fossil fuel
  • Heat water to make
  • Steam turns turbine
  • Turbine turns generator
  • Electricity
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15
Q

What are the advantages of (fossil fuel) power plants?

A
  • They are a reliable source of energy

- Cost effective/safe

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of (fossil fuel) power plants?

A
  • Greenhouse gases

- Non-renewable

17
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The process by which the Earth’s atmosphere traps the Sun’s heat

18
Q

What is a nuclear fission reaction?

A

Atoms split apart, releasing energy

19
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear power plants?

A
  • Lots of energy per kg than fossil fuels

- no greenhouse gases

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power plants?

A
  • radioactive waste is difficult to dispose
  • potentially very dangerous
  • non-renewable
21
Q

How are biofuels carbon neutral?

A

The CO2 released in burning biofuels is reabsorbed when a new crop of plants is grown

22
Q

Compare renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

A
  • Renewable energy sources can be used to generate energy over again, without running out
  • Non-renewable energy sources will eventually run out
  • Renewable energy sources don’t generate greenhouse gases nor culver radiation
  • So renewable energy sources don’t give rise to environmental problems such as global warming
  • Unlike non renewable sources of energy, renewable sources of energy are unreliable
23
Q

Why is coal non renewable but wood renewable?

A
  • Coals takes millions of years to form, but wood forms in just years
  • Therefore coal will run out in our life time at the rate we are using it but wood will be available to use in our lifetime
24
Q

Explain why there are 2 types of ‘solar panel’.

A

Because there are 2 different energy transfers involved…

Solar Panels
LIGHT ENERGY -> HEAT ENERGY

Solar Cells (photovoltaic cells)
LIGHT ENERGY -> ELECTRICAL ENERGY
25
Q

Suggest why is there a similarity between biofuels and fossil fuels, but no between biofuels and nuclear fuels.

A
  • They are both made from the remains of plants/organism and need to burnt in order to release their energy
  • Nuclear fuel isn’t burnt a nuclear reaction is carried out to release its energy
26
Q

Explain why has the demand for oil has changed in the last 100 years.

A

Because the number of vehicles and transportation around the world have increased

27
Q

Suggest is very little oil is used to generate electricity.

A

Using oil in power plants to generate electricity, is less efficient than using it directly in cars

28
Q

Explain why there will always be an uncertainty in the prediction for when fossil fuels.

A
  • Fossil fuels take millions of years to form and are buried deep underground
  • Therefore you cannot accurately account for how many fossil fuels remain

P8 (7 decks)

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