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Year 10 AQA GCSE Physics > P8 Forces in Balance > Flashcards

P8 Forces in Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a force?

A

A force is a push or a pull on an object that is caused by it interacting with something.

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2
Q

What are the two types of forces?

A

All forces are either contact or non-contact forces.

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3
Q

What is a contact force?

A

A contact force is a force that requires two objects to be touching.

Examples include friction, air resistance, tension in ropes, and normal contact force.

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4
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A

A non-contact force is a force that does not require two objects to be touching.

Examples include magnetic force, gravitational force, and electrostatic force.

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5
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.

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6
Q

What are some examples of vector quantities?

A

Examples of vector quantities include force, velocity, displacement, acceleration, and momentum.

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7
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A scalar quantity has only magnitude and no direction.

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8
Q

What are some examples of scalar quantities?

A

Examples of scalar quantities include speed, distance, mass, temperature, and time.

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9
Q

How are vectors typically represented?

A

Vectors are usually represented by an arrow, where the length shows the magnitude and the direction shows the direction of the quantity.

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10
Q

What is an interaction pair?

A

An interaction pair is a pair of forces that are equal and opposite and act on two interacting objects.

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11
Q

What does Newton’s Third Law state?

A

Newton’s Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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12
Q

What happens when the Sun and Earth interact?

A

The Sun and the Earth are attracted to each other by the gravitational force, which is a non-contact force.

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13
Q

What happens when a chair exerts a force on the ground?

A

The chair exerts a force on the ground, and the ground pushes back at the chair with the same force (the normal contact force).

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14
Q

What is Gravitational Force?

A

The force of attraction between masses.

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15
Q

What two important effects does gravity have on the surface of a planet?

A
  • Makes all things fall towards the ground
  • Gives everything a weight
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16
Q

Define Mass.

A

The amount of ‘stuff’ in an object, constant anywhere in the universe.

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17
Q

Define Weight.

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity, varies with location.

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18
Q

How does gravitational field strength vary?

A

Stronger closer to the mass causing the field and for larger masses.

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19
Q

Does weight change with location?

A

Yes, weight changes with the strength of the gravitational field.

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20
Q

What is the weight of a 1 kg mass on Earth and the Moon?

A
  • Earth: about 9.8 N
  • Moon: about 1.6 N
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21
Q

How is weight measured?

A

Using a calibrated spring balance or newtonmeter.

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22
Q

How is mass measured?

A

In kilograms with a mass balance.

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23
Q

What is the formula to calculate weight?

A

Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg)

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24
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?

A

9.8 N/kg

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25
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on the Moon?

A

Around 1.6 N/kg

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26
Q

True or False: Weight and mass are directly proportional.

A

True

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27
Q

What happens to weight if mass is doubled?

A

The weight also doubles.

28
Q

What is a free body diagram?

A

A diagram that shows all the forces acting on an isolated object.

29
Q

What is a Resultant Force?

A

The overall force acting on a point or object.

30
Q

How do you calculate the resultant force from multiple forces?

A

Add forces in the same direction and subtract those in the opposite direction.

31
Q

What does it mean when work is done on an object?

A

Energy is transferred when a force moves an object through a distance.

32
Q

What is the formula to calculate work done?

A

Work (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)

33
Q

What is the relationship between joules and newton metres?

A

1 J = 1 Nm

34
Q

How much work is done when a force of 1 N moves an object 1 m?

A

One joule of work is done.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: Weight is a force due to gravity that acts from an object’s _______.

A

centre of mass.

36
Q

What is the effect of friction when doing work?

A

Some energy is transferred to thermal energy stores, increasing temperature.

37
Q

What happens when a force moves an object along a rough surface?

A

Work is done against friction, and energy is transferred to kinetic and thermal energy stores.

38
Q

What are scale drawings used for in force calculations?

A

Scale drawings help resolve forces or work out the resultant force.

39
Q

How do you find the resultant force using scale drawings?

A

1) Draw all the forces acting on an object, to scale, ‘tip-to-tail’.
2) Draw a straight line from the start of the first force to the end of the last force - this is the resultant force.
3) Measure the length of the resultant force on the diagram to find the magnitude and the angle to find the direction of the force.

40
Q

What is the first step in finding the resultant force with an example?

A

Start by drawing a scale drawing of the forces acting.

41
Q

What scale should you choose for a force of 4 N?

A

Choose a sensible scale (e.g. 1 cm = 1 N).

42
Q

What does the resultant force represent in the example of a man on an electric bicycle?

A

The resultant force is 5 N on a bearing of 037°.

43
Q

What defines an object in equilibrium?

A

An object is in equilibrium if all the forces acting on it combine to give a resultant force of zero.

44
Q

What does a scale diagram look like for an object in equilibrium?

A

The tip of the last force should end where the tail of the first force begins, forming a closed shape (e.g. triangle for three forces).

45
Q

How can you find a missing force if an object is in equilibrium?

A

Draw the known forces to scale and tip-to-tail, then join the end of the last force to the start of the first force. This line represents the missing force.

46
Q

What does it mean to split a force into components?

A

Forces acting at awkward angles can be split into two components at right angles (usually horizontal and vertical) for easier calculations.

47
Q

How can you resolve a force into components?

A

Draw the force on a scale grid, then add the horizontal and vertical components along the grid lines and measure them.

48
Q

What is the definition of distance?

A

Distance is how far an object has moved and is a scalar quantity.

49
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement is a vector quantity measuring the distance and direction in a straight line from an object’s starting point to its finishing point.

50
Q

If you walk 5 m north and then 5 m south, what is your displacement?

A

0 m

51
Q

What is speed?

A

Speed is how fast an object is going, measured in scalar terms without regard to direction.

52
Q

What is velocity?

A

Velocity is speed in a given direction, making it a vector quantity.

53
Q

Can an object have a constant speed while changing velocity? True or False?

A

True

54
Q

What happens to the velocity of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed?

A

The velocity is constantly changing due to the change in direction.

55
Q

How can you calculate the speed of an object?

A

Speed can be calculated using the formula: distance travelled (m) = speed (m/s) X time (s).

56
Q

What is the typical speed of a person walking?

A

1.5 m/s

57
Q

What is the typical speed of a person running?

A

3 m/s

58
Q

What is the typical speed of a person cycling?

A

6 m/s

59
Q

What is the typical speed of a car?

A

25 m/s

60
Q

What is the typical speed of a train?

A

30 m/s

61
Q

What is the typical speed of a plane?

A

250 m/s

62
Q

What factors can affect a person’s speed when walking, running, or cycling?

A

Factors include fitness, age, distance travelled, terrain, and others.

63
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

330 m/s

64
Q

What factors can affect wind speed?

A

Temperature, atmospheric pressure, and nearby structures.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: Displacement is a ________ quantity.

A

[vector]

66
Q

Fill in the blank: Speed is a ________ quantity.

A

[scalar]

Year 10 AQA GCSE Physics (1 decks)

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