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-P7- > P7.4 pt 1 > Flashcards

P7.4 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is an example of a hot object that emits a continuous range of electromagnetic radiation?
A

-stars

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2
Q
  1. What so all hot objects (including stars) emit?
A

-a continuous range of electromagnetic radiation, whose luminosity and peak frequency increases with temperature

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3
Q
  1. What is a continuous spectrum?
A

-a spectrum without gaps

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4
Q
  1. What is the peak frequency in a continuous spectra?
A

-the wavelength that is emitted most

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5
Q
  1. What does the peak frequency emitted by an object depend on?
A

-higher temperature= higher energy photons= higher peak frequency

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6
Q
  1. What does luminosity or brightness depend on?
A

-temperature

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7
Q
  1. How can we tell how hot a star is by its colour?
A
  • red= low frequency= cool

- blue= high frequency= hot

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8
Q
  1. What is ionisation?
A

-the removal of electrons from atoms to make ions WHEN THE ELECTRON GAINS ENOUGH ENERGY

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9
Q
  1. What is the structure of an atom?
A

-tiny positive nucleus surrounded by shells/energy levels of negative electrons

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10
Q
  1. What is an energy level?
A

-a shell

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11
Q
  1. Where are the lowest energy levels?
A

-nearest the nucleus

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12
Q
  1. Why do electrons move between energy levels?
A

-if they gain or lose energy

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13
Q
  1. What causes absorption spectrums?
A
  • high temp= electrons jump to higher energy levels (electrons absorb certain frequencies of radiation)
  • the frequencies absorbed show as dark lines (on a continuous spectra)
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14
Q
  1. What causes emission spectrums?
A

-electrons unstable in high energy levels
=fall to lower levels
=lose energy by emitting particular frequency= series of bright lines of emitted frequencies (on a black background)

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15
Q
  1. What is the relationship between wavelength and energy?
A
  • inversely proportional

- smaller wavelength= higher energy

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16
Q
  1. What do specific spectral lines in the spectrum of a star provide evidence of? How?
A
  • the chemical elements present in it

- compare line spectra’s to known line spectra’s

17
Q
  1. What part of a star emits a continuous spectrum of radiation?
A

-the photosphere (surface)

18
Q
  1. What is the relationship between the volume of a gas and its pressure at a constant temperature?
A
  • inversely proportional

- larger volume= less pressure

19
Q
  1. Why is the volume of a gas inversely proportional to its pressure at a constant temperature?
A

-at larger volume there is less collisions between the particles and the container walls so less pressure is exerted on the walls

20
Q
  1. What does the pressure of a gas depend on?
A

-how fast the molecules are moving and how often they hit the walls of the container they are in

21
Q
  1. What is the equation to find pressure?
A

Pressure x volume= Pressure x volume

22
Q
  1. What is the relationship between pressure and absolute temperature?
A

-directly proportional

23
Q
  1. Why may the pressure and volume of a gas vary with temperature?
A

-increase temperature= faster particles with more energy= hit container walls more wand harder= increase pressure

24
Q
  1. What is the equation for pressure and temperature?
A

p/t=p/t

25
Q
  1. What is the relationship between volume and absolute temperature?
A

-directly proportional

26
Q
  1. What is the equation for volume and temperature?
A

v/t=v/t

27
Q
  1. What effect does increasing the temperature have on volume of gas?
A
  • increases

- molecules further apart so less collisions but more kinetic energy so hit with more force

28
Q
  1. What two things are proportional to absolute temperature?
A
  • volume

- pressure

29
Q
  1. What is the kinetic theory?
A

-says that gases consist of very small moving particles that collide with each other and walks, most is empty space

30
Q
  1. What is absolute 0?
A
  • the littlest kinetic energy atoms can have

- ‘-273⁰C’

31
Q
  1. What is the start of the Kelvin scale?
A

-absolute zero (-273)

-P7- (6 decks)

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