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GCSE Physics > P7 > Flashcards

P7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who made the plum pudding model and when?

A

J.J Thomson in 1904

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2
Q

What does the plum pudding model look like

A

A round positively charged atom with electrons scattered inside it

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3
Q

What was rutherford’s expirement?

A

He sent a beam of alpha particles through a small piece of gold foil.

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4
Q

What were Rutherford’s observations

A

-Most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil
-Some were deflected off at different angles
-Some were repelled straight backwards

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5
Q

Who discovered radioactivity

A

Henri Becuerel

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6
Q

What do the observations mean

A

-The atom is mostly empty space
-The nucleus is positively charged
-The nucleus carries most of the atoms mass

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7
Q

Radiation definition

A

The release of energy in the form of moving waves or stream of particles

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8
Q

What is the mass number

A

On Top (Bigger) Number = Neutrons + Protons

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9
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Bottom (smaller) number = number of protons and electrons

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10
Q

Who adapted Rutherford’s Model

A

Bohr

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11
Q

Who proved the existence of the Nucleus

A

Chadwick

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12
Q

What is an isotope

A

An atom with a different number of neutrons

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13
Q

What is a radioisotope

A

an isotope which has an unstable nucleus. It will decay by emitting radiation.

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14
Q

What is the Unit for radioactivity

A

Becquerels = 1 decay event per secomd

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15
Q

Properties of Alpha radiation

A

-Large
-5cm travel range before colliding
-Can be stopped by single sheet of paper
-Very ionising

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16
Q

Properties of Beta radiation

A

-1m travel range before colliding
-harder to stop few millimetres of aliminium
-Quite ionising

17
Q

Properties of Gamma Radiation

A

-Travel range unlimited
-Can only be stopped by Several centimetres of lead
-weak ionising power

18
Q

What is ionising power

A

When radiation collides can cause atoms to lose electrons and form ions

19
Q

What is the most dangerous form of radiation

A

Alpha radiation because they have the largest mass and charge so they are the most ionising

20
Q

Why are gamma rays non ionising

A

Because they barely interact with electrons

21
Q

Dangers of radioactivity

A

Irradation and contamination

22
Q

What is irradiation

A

Exposing of an object to nuclear radiation

23
Q

Pre cautions for radiation

A

Lead apron
Gloves
Lead barriers
Geiger counter

24
Q

What is contamination

A

When unwanted radioactive isotopes end up on other materials

25
Q

Peer review

A

Process by which scientists share their data with other scientists to get reviewed so it can then be published

26
Q

When an object is exposed to radiation does it become radioactive

A

No it becomes irradiated

27
Q

Uses of radioactivity

A

-Smoke alarms (uses alpha)
-Measuring Paper thickness (uses beta)

28
Q

Why do smoke alarms use alpha radiation

A

Alpha has the least penetrating power
Because beta and gamma cannot create enough ions to detect smoke

29
Q

Why do paper measures use beta radiation

A

-Because alpha wouldn’t penetrate the paper
-Because gamma would penetrate all of it
Beta can measure change because if the paper gets too thick it won’t pass through

30
Q

What are alpha particles made of

A

Helium nucleus

31
Q

What are Beta particles made of

A

Fast moving electron

32
Q

What are Gamma particles made of

A

Surplus Energy

33
Q

What is activity

A

The activity of a radioactive source is tye number of unstable nuclei that decay every second

34
Q

What happens to the activity of a source as more unstable atoms decay

A

Less unstable atoms so activity decreases

35
Q

What is count rate

A

Number of decays recorded each second by a detector (e,g geiger-muller tube)

36
Q

What is half-life

A

Half-life is the time takennfor hald of the atoms in a sample to decay

37
Q

Is radioactive decay affected by temperature

A

No its spontaneous

38
Q

What does a shorter half life mean

A

That the sample is more active

39
Q

What does a longer half life mean

A

Less active sample

GCSE Physics (12 decks)

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