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SEP Physics Weydon > P6 Waves > Flashcards

P6 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the two types of waves

A

Transverse and longitudinal 

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2
Q

What do waves do

A

Transfer energy from one place to another

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3
Q

What a transverse waves

A

Waves with oscillations perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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4
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

Where the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer and require a median to travel through 

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5
Q

What is meant by the term amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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6
Q

What is meant by the term wavelength

A

The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave

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7
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of waves passing a point each second

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8
Q

What is 1 Hz equivalent to

A

One wave per second

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9
Q

What is meant by the term period

A

The time taken for one wave to pass a point

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10
Q

What is wave speed

A

The speed at which the wave moves through a medium

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11
Q

What is the first step to measure the speed of sound waves in air

A

Person B starts timing when they see person A clashes the cymbals together

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12
Q

What is step two in measuring the speed of sound waves in air

A

Person B stops timing when they hear the sound of the cymbals clashing

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13
Q

What is step three in measuring the speed of sound waves in air

A

Calculate the speed of sound waves by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken

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14
Q

How can the accuracy of an experiment be improved

A

By completing multiple readings to create a mean result and by removing anomalous results

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15
Q

What causes a microphone to vibrate (S)

A

The particles hitting the cone

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16
Q

How does sound travel through the human ear (s)

A

The sound waves funnel through the air where they hit the eardrum which is a thin membrane. The sound waves cause the eardrum and other parts to vibrate which causes the sensation of sound

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17
Q

What’s the condition that allows soundwaves in the air to trigger vibrations in solids (s)

A

Through the limited range of frequencies which is around 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz for humans

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18
Q

What happens when waves change medium (s)

A

The speed can change

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19
Q

Does the frequency change when the medium changes (s)

A

No

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20
Q

What instrument allows soundwaves to be viewed (s)

A

A cathode ray oscilloscope 

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21
Q

What is the pitch at a high frequency (s)

A

High pitch 

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22
Q

At a low frequency what is the pitch (s)

A

Low pitch

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23
Q

What does a small amplitude produce (s)

A

A quiet sound

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24
Q

What does a large amplitude produce (s)

A

Loud sound

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25
Q

Why can Longitudinal waves only move through a medium

A

Because longitudinal waves move by particles vibrating

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26
Q

Why can sound waves not pass through a vacuum

A

There are no particles

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27
Q

Can soundwaves be reflected

A

Yes

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28
Q

What happens if a wave is transmitted through an object

A

The wave passes straight through

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29
Q

What happens if a wave is absorbed

A

The energy of a wave is absorbed so the amplitude decreases

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30
Q

What can happen to a wave when it hits a Boundry

A

It can be absorbed transmitted reflected or refracted

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31
Q

What is the angle of reflection equal to

A

The angle of incidence 

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32
Q

What are ultrasound waves

A

Waves with a higher frequency than the upper limit of human hearing

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33
Q

What is the frequency of an ultrasound wave

A

At least 20,000 Hz

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34
Q

What happens when an ultrasound wave meets the boundary between two different densities

A

It partially reflects

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35
Q

What can ultrasound waves be used for in the medical industry

A

To produce images of internal organs and foetuses

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36
Q

What is the advantages of using ultrasound over radiation

A

Ultrasound does not cause mutations or increase the risk of cancer

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37
Q

What can ultrasound be useful in welding

A

It can detect hidden defects or problems with a weld 

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38
Q

How do earthquakes occur

A

Through a sudden movement between the tectonic plates in the earths crust

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39
Q

What do earthquakes cause

A

Seismic waves which carry energy

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40
Q

When the seismic waves pass through the Earth what can they be detected by

A

Seismometers

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41
Q

What do the readings of a seismometer reveal

A

The interior of the Earth

42
Q

What are the two types of seismic waves

A

P-waves and S-waves

43
Q

What are P-waves

A

Longitudinal waves

44
Q

What can longitudinal waves only pass through 

A

Solids and liquids

45
Q

Which type of seismic waves is faster

A

P waves

46
Q

What type of waves are S waves

A

Transverse waves

47
Q

What can transverse waves only pass through

A

Solids

48
Q

Why do seismic waves travel in curved paths

A

Because the density changes in the Earth

49
Q

What are S-wave shadow zones

A

Regions where S waves don’t pass through 

50
Q

Why can S waves not pass through the outer core

A

Because S waves cannot pass through a liquid

51
Q

What does the S-wave shadow zone tell scientists

A

The Earth must contain a liquid core

52
Q

Why do P-waves shadow zones occur

A

P-waves travel faster in solids than in liquids

53
Q

Why do P-waves refract

A

Because the P-waves slow down as they enter the liquid outer core

54
Q

What are electromagnetic waves

A

Transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber

55
Q

State the electromagnetic spectrum from lowest frequency to highest frequency

A

Radio wave, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays

56
Q

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be detected by the human eye

A

Visible light

57
Q

What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel through in a vacuum 

A

3x10^8

58
Q

What affects whether a material absorbs transmits or reflects electromagnetic waves

A

The wavelength

59
Q

What happens when electromagnetic Waves are generated or absorbed

A

Changes take place in atoms or in the nuclei of atoms

60
Q

What happens when atoms are heated

A

Electrons move from one energy level to a higher one

61
Q

After an atom is heated and returned to the original level what does it release

A

An electromagnetic wave

62
Q

Which three electromagnetic waves are potentially hazardous

A

Ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays

63
Q

Why is ultra violet potentially hazardous

A

It increases the risk of skin cancer and can cause premature aging of the skin

64
Q

Why are x-rays and gamma rays potentially hazardous

A

They are ionising radiation which can cause mutation of genes which increases the risk of cancer

65
Q

What does damage caused by radiation depend on

A

The type and dose of radiation

66
Q

How can radio waves be produced

A

When electrons oscillate in electrical circuits

67
Q

What happens when radio waves are absorbed

A

Electrons in the circuit oscillatewhich causes an alternative current

68
Q

What can radio waves be used for

A

To transmit radio and terrestrial TV signals

69
Q

Why are radio waves used to transmit radio

A

Because they can travel long distances before being absorbed

70
Q

What are microwaves used for

A

To heat food
Communicate with satellite in space

71
Q

Why are microwaves used to heat food

A

Water molecules absorb the energy of microwaves which causes the temperature of the food to increase

72
Q

Why are microwaves used to communicate with satellites in space

A

Microwaves can pass through the earths atmosphere without being reflected or refracted

73
Q

What is infrared used for

A

To cook food in ovens
To be emitted by electrical heaters
For cameras

74
Q

Why is infrared useful

A

The energy of infrared is easily absorbed by the surface of objects

75
Q

What is visible light used for

A

Communication using fibre optics

76
Q

What are optical fibres

A

Thin strands of glass which can be used to transmit pulses of light to carry information

77
Q

Why can light carry a lot of information

A

Short wavelength

78
Q

What is ultra Violet used for

A

Energy-efficient lightbulbs
Suntanning

79
Q

What is ultraviolet used for energy-efficient lightbulbs

A

The energy is absorbed by the internal surface of the bulb and it’s converted to visible light which requires much less energy than a normal lightbulb

80
Q

What is the principal axis

A

When a ray passes through a lens without being Refracted

81
Q

What is the principal focus

A

The point all the rays refract to

82
Q

What is the focal length

A

The distance from the centre of the lens to the principal focus

83
Q

What are the features of an object that is more than 2 focal lengths away from a convex lens

A

Object is diminished
Image is inverted
Real image

84
Q

What are the features of an object between one and two focal lengths of a convex lens

A

Image is magnified 
Real image
Inverted 

85
Q

What are the features for the ray diagram of a magnifying glass

A

Image is magnified
Image is upright
Image is virtual

86
Q

When is the only time a convex lens produces a virtual image 

A

In a magnifying glass

87
Q

How do you calculate magnification

A

Image height / Object height

88
Q

What’s the features of a concave lens ray diagram

A

Image is diminished
Image is upright
Image is virtual

89
Q

What is specular reflection

A

When all light rays reflect in a single direction 

90
Q

What is diffuse reflection 

A

When light rays are scattered in all directions

91
Q

Each colour on the spectrum of visible light has a narrow band of what two properties 

A

Wavelength and frequency

92
Q

What does the colour of an object depend on 

A

Which wavelength of light are reflected transmitted or absorbed

93
Q

How do coloured filters work

A

By absorbing specific wavelengths and transmitting other wavelength

94
Q

What do transparent and translucent objects do to light 

A

Transmit light

95
Q

What are objects that you cannot see through called

A

Opaque objects

96
Q

All objects no matter what temperature emit and absorb what

A

Infrared radiation

97
Q

What do the wavelength and intensity of radiation depend on

A

The temperature of the object

98
Q

What does a perfect black body do

A

Absorb all of the radiation incident on it. This means no radiation is reflected or transmitted

99
Q

What does the sun emit

A

Short wavelength radiation

100
Q

Some of the sun’s radiation is reflected by the earth

A

the earth

101
Q

When radiation is absorbed by the earths surface what happens

A

Thearths temperature increases and emits infared radiation into space

SEP Physics Weydon (13 decks)

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