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P6 Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the two types of waves

A

Transverse and longitudinal 

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2
Q

What do waves do

A

Transfer energy from one place to another

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3
Q

What a transverse waves

A

Waves with oscillations perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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4
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

Where the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer and require a median to travel through 

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5
Q

What is meant by the term amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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6
Q

What is meant by the term wavelength

A

The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave

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7
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of waves passing a point each second

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8
Q

What is 1 Hz equivalent to

A

One wave per second

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9
Q

What is meant by the term period

A

The time taken for one wave to pass a point

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10
Q

What is wave speed

A

The speed at which the wave moves through a medium

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11
Q

What is the first step to measure the speed of sound waves in air

A

Person B starts timing when they see person A clashes the cymbals together

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12
Q

What is step two in measuring the speed of sound waves in air

A

Person B stops timing when they hear the sound of the cymbals clashing

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13
Q

What is step three in measuring the speed of sound waves in air

A

Calculate the speed of sound waves by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken

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14
Q

How can the accuracy of an experiment be improved

A

By completing multiple readings to create a mean result and by removing anomalous results

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15
Q

What causes a microphone to vibrate (S)

A

The particles hitting the cone

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16
Q

How does sound travel through the human ear (s)

A

The sound waves funnel through the air where they hit the eardrum which is a thin membrane. The sound waves cause the eardrum and other parts to vibrate which causes the sensation of sound

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17
Q

What’s the condition that allows soundwaves in the air to trigger vibrations in solids (s)

A

Through the limited range of frequencies which is around 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz for humans

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18
Q

What happens when waves change medium (s)

A

The speed can change

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19
Q

Does the frequency change when the medium changes (s)

A

No

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20
Q

What instrument allows soundwaves to be viewed (s)

A

A cathode ray oscilloscope 

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21
Q

What is the pitch at a high frequency (s)

A

High pitch 

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22
Q

At a low frequency what is the pitch (s)

A

Low pitch

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23
Q

What does a small amplitude produce (s)

A

A quiet sound

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24
Q

What does a large amplitude produce (s)

A

Loud sound

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25
Why can Longitudinal waves only move through a medium
Because longitudinal waves move by particles vibrating
26
Why can sound waves not pass through a vacuum
There are no particles
27
Can soundwaves be reflected
Yes
28
What happens if a wave is transmitted through an object
The wave passes straight through
29
What happens if a wave is absorbed
The energy of a wave is absorbed so the amplitude decreases
30
What can happen to a wave when it hits a Boundry
It can be absorbed transmitted reflected or refracted
31
What is the angle of reflection equal to
The angle of incidence 
32
What are ultrasound waves
Waves with a higher frequency than the upper limit of human hearing
33
What is the frequency of an ultrasound wave
At least 20,000 Hz
34
What happens when an ultrasound wave meets the boundary between two different densities
It partially reflects
35
What can ultrasound waves be used for in the medical industry
To produce images of internal organs and foetuses
36
What is the advantages of using ultrasound over radiation
Ultrasound does not cause mutations or increase the risk of cancer
37
What can ultrasound be useful in welding
It can detect hidden defects or problems with a weld 
38
How do earthquakes occur
Through a sudden movement between the tectonic plates in the earths crust
39
What do earthquakes cause
Seismic waves which carry energy
40
When the seismic waves pass through the Earth what can they be detected by
Seismometers
41
What do the readings of a seismometer reveal
The interior of the Earth
42
What are the two types of seismic waves
P-waves and S-waves
43
What are P-waves
Longitudinal waves
44
What can longitudinal waves only pass through 
Solids and liquids
45
Which type of seismic waves is faster
P waves
46
What type of waves are S waves
Transverse waves
47
What can transverse waves only pass through
Solids
48
Why do seismic waves travel in curved paths
Because the density changes in the Earth
49
What are S-wave shadow zones
Regions where S waves don’t pass through 
50
Why can S waves not pass through the outer core
Because S waves cannot pass through a liquid
51
What does the S-wave shadow zone tell scientists
The Earth must contain a liquid core
52
Why do P-waves shadow zones occur
P-waves travel faster in solids than in liquids
53
Why do P-waves refract
Because the P-waves slow down as they enter the liquid outer core
54
What are electromagnetic waves
Transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber
55
State the electromagnetic spectrum from lowest frequency to highest frequency
Radio wave, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays
56
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be detected by the human eye
Visible light
57
What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel through in a vacuum 
3x10^8
58
What affects whether a material absorbs transmits or reflects electromagnetic waves
The wavelength
59
What happens when electromagnetic Waves are generated or absorbed
Changes take place in atoms or in the nuclei of atoms
60
What happens when atoms are heated
Electrons move from one energy level to a higher one
61
After an atom is heated and returned to the original level what does it release
An electromagnetic wave
62
Which three electromagnetic waves are potentially hazardous
Ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays
63
Why is ultra violet potentially hazardous
It increases the risk of skin cancer and can cause premature aging of the skin
64
Why are x-rays and gamma rays potentially hazardous
They are ionising radiation which can cause mutation of genes which increases the risk of cancer
65
What does damage caused by radiation depend on
The type and dose of radiation
66
How can radio waves be produced
When electrons oscillate in electrical circuits
67
What happens when radio waves are absorbed
Electrons in the circuit oscillatewhich causes an alternative current
68
What can radio waves be used for
To transmit radio and terrestrial TV signals
69
Why are radio waves used to transmit radio
Because they can travel long distances before being absorbed
70
What are microwaves used for
To heat food Communicate with satellite in space
71
Why are microwaves used to heat food
Water molecules absorb the energy of microwaves which causes the temperature of the food to increase
72
Why are microwaves used to communicate with satellites in space
Microwaves can pass through the earths atmosphere without being reflected or refracted
73
What is infrared used for
To cook food in ovens To be emitted by electrical heaters For cameras
74
Why is infrared useful
The energy of infrared is easily absorbed by the surface of objects
75
What is visible light used for
Communication using fibre optics
76
What are optical fibres
Thin strands of glass which can be used to transmit pulses of light to carry information
77
Why can light carry a lot of information
Short wavelength
78
What is ultra Violet used for
Energy-efficient lightbulbs Suntanning
79
What is ultraviolet used for energy-efficient lightbulbs
The energy is absorbed by the internal surface of the bulb and it’s converted to visible light which requires much less energy than a normal lightbulb
80
What is the principal axis
When a ray passes through a lens without being Refracted
81
What is the principal focus
The point all the rays refract to
82
What is the focal length
The distance from the centre of the lens to the principal focus
83
What are the features of an object that is more than 2 focal lengths away from a convex lens
Object is diminished Image is inverted Real image
84
What are the features of an object between one and two focal lengths of a convex lens
Image is magnified  Real image Inverted 
85
What are the features for the ray diagram of a magnifying glass
Image is magnified Image is upright Image is virtual
86
When is the only time a convex lens produces a virtual image 
In a magnifying glass
87
How do you calculate magnification
Image height / Object height
88
What’s the features of a concave lens ray diagram
Image is diminished Image is upright Image is virtual
89
What is specular reflection
When all light rays reflect in a single direction 
90
What is diffuse reflection 
When light rays are scattered in all directions
91
Each colour on the spectrum of visible light has a narrow band of what two properties 
Wavelength and frequency
92
What does the colour of an object depend on 
Which wavelength of light are reflected transmitted or absorbed
93
How do coloured filters work
By absorbing specific wavelengths and transmitting other wavelength
94
What do transparent and translucent objects do to light 
Transmit light
95
What are objects that you cannot see through called
Opaque objects
96
All objects no matter what temperature emit and absorb what
Infrared radiation
97
What do the wavelength and intensity of radiation depend on
The temperature of the object
98
What does a perfect black body do
Absorb all of the radiation incident on it. This means no radiation is reflected or transmitted
99
What does the sun emit
Short wavelength radiation
100
Some of the sun's radiation is reflected by the earth
the earth
101
When radiation is absorbed by the earths surface what happens
Thearths temperature increases and emits infared radiation into space

Physics (13 decks)

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