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Physics > P6 : Molecules and Matter > Flashcards

P6 : Molecules and Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Boyles law?

A

A law that states that pressure is inversely proportionate to volume AT A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE.

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2
Q

What is the equation for Boyles law?

A

P1 V1 = P2 V2

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3
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

A law that states that VOLUME is directly proportionate to TEMPERATURE at a CONSTANT PRESSURE
-particles gain RANDOM KINETIC ENERGY

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4
Q

Meaning of density.

A

Density is the measure of the amount of mass in a volume.

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5
Q

Density equation.

A 
Density = Mass/volume
kg/m3 = kg / m3
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6
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1g/cm3

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7
Q

What is pressure?

A

Pressure is the force acting on an area.

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8
Q

Pressure equations.

A 
Pressure = force/ area
N/m2 = N / m2
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9
Q

Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. (3)

A
  • At increased altitudes there are fewer molecules
  • So the force acting down is less, decreasing pressure - less weight of molecules
  • less particles colliding with a surface
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10
Q

Describe a method to work out the density of an irregular object’s density. (7)

A
  • Measure the object’s mass on an electronic balance
  • Tie a string around the object
  • Fill a eureka can with water
  • Place a measuring cylinder under the eureka can
  • Drop the object in the eureka can so it is fully immersed and water should be displaced
  • Read the volume of water displaced on the measuring cylinder and this is the volume of the irregular object in cm3
  • Use density= mass/volume to work out the density of the object
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11
Q

what is LUSACC’S LAW?

A
  • AS TEMP INCREASES, PRESSURE INCREASES
  • particles gains KE and move faster
  • collide with sides of container MORE OFTEN, with MORE ENERGY
  • so pressure increases
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12
Q

what is INTERNAL energy and the 2 types?

A
  • ENRGY INSIDE OBJECT
  • BOND ENERGY - energy of intermolecular forces holding particles together
  • HEAT - random kinetic energy of particles
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13
Q

why can gases/liquid be poured but not solids?

A
  • WEAKER INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
  • particles are FREE TO MOVE
  • Solids have stong IM forces, holding particles in place
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14
Q

difference between BOILING AND EVAPORATION?

A
  • EVAPORTATION - molecules escape SURFACE
  • happen at any temp

BOILING - entire volume vaporising

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15
Q

what is specific latent heat?

A
  • amount of energy needed to CHANGE THE STATE OF 1KG of a substance WTHOUT CHANGING TEMP.
    ENERGY = MASS X SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT OF FUSION/VAPOURISATION
    J = KG X J/KG
    E = mL
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16
Q

what is absolute zero ?

A

-273 degrees Celsius

17
Q

required practical: specific heat capacity?

A
  1. connect ammeter , power supply and heater in series, with voltmeter in parallel to block
  2. If the power of the heater is unknown, switch on the power supply and measure the current and potential. Calculate the power using the equation
    P = IV
  3. Keep the power supply on and start the timer. Measure the temperature of the block every 10 minutes.
  4. Plot a graph of temperature against work done by the heater. Calculate the gradient of the line.
  5. Specific heat capacity is the gradient divided by the mass of the block. Since the mass is 1kg, the inverse of the gradient = specific heat capacity of the block.
18
Q

required practical : reistance and length of wire

A
  1. Set up circuit with cell, voltmer and ammeter in series and by connecting two crocodile clips to the thin resistance wire a distance of 10 cm apart and setting the power supply to 1.5 V
  2. Connect the wire, using the clips, to the rest of the circuit
  3. Record the potential difference from the voltmeter and current from the ammeter
  4. Move the clips in 10 cm intervals further apart
  5. Take new measurements from the voltmeter and ammeter for each length reading
  6. Continue until the crocodile clips are a length of 1 m apart
  7. use V=IR to find resistance
19
Q

required practical : resistance in circuits

A
  1. Connect the circuit, with a battery of 4 V, first with one resistor (R1) with the voltmeter connected in parallel and ammeter in series
  2. Close the switch and record the reading on the voltmeter and ammeter
  3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for just the second resistor (R2)
  4. Open the switch and add connect both R1 and R2 in series, connecting the voltmeter in parallel to both resistors
  5. Close the switch and record the new readings on the voltmeter and ammeter
  6. Open the switch and arrange R1 and R2 now in parallel shown , as well as voltmeter
  7. Close the switch and record the readings on the voltmeter and ammeter
  8. use V=IR

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