P6-Molecules and matter Flashcards
what is the density equation
Density =the mass per volume
what is density
Density in lay man terms = how crowded/packed the particles are
Compare a tennis ball and a cricket ball. What is similar about them and what is different about them?
They both have the same volume, but one has more mass than the other. The cricket ball is a lot more dense because it has a lot more mass even though it has the same volume.
how to find volume of regular shaped object
Regularly shaped - measure the relevant parameters using a mm ruler or a vernier calliper, and calculate the volume with the right equation
how to find volume of irregular shaped object
Irregularly shaped: tie the object with a piece of thread, and lower it into a measuring cylinder filled with wate. The volume of the object determines the rise of the water level. Find the volume of water by finding the rise in the water level.
what is density represented as
density is repped as ‘p’
describe organisation of solids
Solid- Regularly arranged and particles always touching. Solids vibrate about a fixed point
describe organisation of liquids
Liquid- Irregularly arranged with particles always touching.. Particles flow randomly, with the particles always in contact.
describe organisation of gas
Gas- Irregularly arranged with particles never touching. Move freely and randomly, bouncing off each other and other surfaces
what are fluids
Fluids= things that flow ⟶ liquids and gases
why cant solids and liquids be compressed
Solids and liquids can’t be compressed (this is because their particles are always in contact, so there is no space to move the particles closer.
what is sublimation
Sublimation = when a gas becomes solid or a solid becomes gas
what are MP and BP affected by?
MP and BP of liquids are affected by any impurities in the substances
what happens to temprature when change of state is happening
However, when the substance is changing state, the temperature of the system remains constant as the energy is being transferred to the particles allowing them to vibrate faster, with more energy, separating apart, causing the density of the substance to change, leading to the overall state change
what is latent heat
Latent heat = the energy transferred to a substance when it changes its state
why does water bubble when we boil it
When a liquid reaches its BP, the particles that change into gas appear as bubbles, rise to the surface, and get released
what is internal energy
Internal energy = the energy stored by the particles of a substance
It’s the sum of:
1. the kinetic energy that the particles have due to their individual motions relative to each other
2. the potential energy that they have due to their individual positions relatvie to each other
what keeps particles in fixed positions?
- There are strong forces of attraction between the particles ⟶ these keep the particles in their fixed positions
what happens when a solid is heated
When a solid is heated, particle’s energy stores increase and they vibrate more, and when heated enough, it melts ⟶ particles have gained enough energy to break their structure
