P6- Molecules and matter Flashcards

1
Q

What is density

A

The mass per volume of a substance

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2
Q

3 ways to find the volume of an object

A

Regular object- Use measurements to calculate volume, calculate mass using a balance
Irregular object- Tie string to it, place in half full measuring cylinder, calculate water level rise
Irregular object- Fill eureka can w water up to spout, place object in, collect water from spout in beaker. Measure displaced water with measuring cylinder

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3
Q

When do objects float on water?

A

If they have a lower density than water

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4
Q

Physical change?
Example?

A

No new substances are produced
Changing state

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5
Q

Conservation of mass meaning in states of matter

A

When a substance changes state the mass stays the same

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6
Q

Particles in solid
Arrangement?
Energy?

A

Next to each other in fixed positions
Least energetic

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7
Q

Particles in liquid
Arrangement?
Energy?

A

Move around at random, touch each other
More energetic

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8
Q

Particles in gas
Arrangement?
Energy?
Density?

A

Move randomly and far apart
Most energetic
Much less dense than solids and liquids

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9
Q

The temperature of water when heated over time

A

-Increases until 0°, ice starts to melt
-Stays at 0° until all ice has melted
-Increases from 0° to 100°, water starts to boil
-Stays at 100° until all water turns to steam

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10
Q

Specific latent heat

A

The energy transferred to a substance when it changes state

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11
Q

Where does boiling and evaporation occur in a liquid and when?

A

Boiling- throughout a liquid at its boiling point
Evaporation- surface of liquid when below boiling point

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12
Q

How to tell the melting and boiling point of a substance from a temp-time graph?

A

The flat section

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13
Q

Internal energy definition and sum

A

Kinetic energy + potential energy
The energy of particles caused by their motion and position

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14
Q

Kinetic energy increases by…
Potential energy increases by…

A

Rise in temperature

Change of state

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15
Q

What determines the state of matter? (particles)

A

The strength of the forces of attraction between particles

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16
Q

Pressure

A

The force of the particles colliding with the sides of a container

17
Q

What happens to gas pressure if temp increases?

A

-Gas particles move quickly in random directions
-Pressure is collision of particles with sides of container
-Particles gain KE, move quicker, collide w sides of container more frequently w more force
-Higher pressure per surface area

18
Q

How can the random movement of gas molecules be shown?

A

By smoke as it moves in a similar unpredictable motion

19
Q

Latent heat

A

Energy needed for a substance to change state without changing temp

20
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A

The energy needed to change the 1kg of a substance from solid to liquid (melting)

21
Q

Latent heat of vaporisation

A

The energy need to change 1kg of a substance from liquid to gas (vaporisation)

22
Q

Boyle’s law

A

At a constant temp:
-if volume doubles, pressure halves
-if volume halves, pressure doubles

23
Q

What happens to gas pressure if volume decreases?

A

-Particles forced closer together
-More collisions with sides of container
-Increases pressure

24
Q

What happens to gas if it is compressed rapidly and why?

A

Temp of gas can increase, work is done, energy not transferred to surroundings quick enough

25
What happens to gas if it is compressed slowly and why?
Work is done, energy is transferred to surroundings at same rate as energy to gas. Temp of gas doesn't change