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physics (p5-p7) > P5- forces > Flashcards

P5- forces Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a scalar quantity and give some examples.

A

a quantity with only size

-speed, distance, time, mass, temperature

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2
Q

what is a vector quantity and name some examples

A

a quantity with size and direction

-force, velocity, displacement, acceleration

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3
Q

what is a force

A

a push or a pull

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4
Q

what is the difference between contact and non contact forces? give some examples of each

A

contact forces require the objects to be touching for a force to act whereas non-contact forces don’t.
C- friction, resistance etc
NC-magnetic force, gravitational force etc

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5
Q

how can you calculate the weight of an object given you have the mass and gravitational field strength.

A

weight (N)= mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)

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6
Q

what is a resultant force of an object?

A

the overall force of an object (the amount of force you are left with after adding up all the forces i.e 2N to the left and 6N to the right will create a resultant force of 4N to the right)

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7
Q

what does it mean if the resultant force on an object is in equilibrium?

A

when all the forces add up to give a resultant force of zero meaning it remains unchanged. (2N to the left and 2N to the right means they cancel out - 0N so the object doesn’t move as forces are balanced)

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8
Q

how could you work out the amount of force applied on a spring

A

F=KE

force (N)= spring constant (N/m) x extension (m)

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9
Q

how do you measure the link between force and extension? (inc equipment)

A

equipments: clamp, fixed ruler, spring, hanging masses (multiple)
1. measure natural length of spring
2. add mass to spring- record mass and measure new length of spring. calculate extension (change in length)
3. repeat process for another 5 ish times at least
4. plot graph. if it looks like a curve, that’s if you exceed the limit of proportionality between force and extension.

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10
Q

what is the difference between distance and displacement?

A

distance is a scalar quantity however displacement is a vector quantity.

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11
Q

what is the difference between velocity and speed

A

speed is scalar, velocity is vector (speed with a given direction).

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12
Q

describe the typical speed for:

  • walking
  • running
  • cycling
  • car
  • train
  • plane
A
  • walking= 1.5 m/s
  • running= 3 m/s
  • cycling = 6 m/s
  • car = 25 m/s
  • train = 30 m/s
  • plane = 250 m/s
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13
Q

what does acceleration mean?

A

how quickly you’re speeding up

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14
Q

how do you calculate acceleration?

A

acceleration (m/s^2) = change in velocity (m/s) / time (s)

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15
Q

what does uniform acceleration mean

A

constant acceleration

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16
Q

how to you calculate uniform acceleration

A

final velocity-initial velocity = 2x(acceleration x distance)
v2 - u2 = 2as

17
Q

what does friction do and how can you reduce it?

A

it acts in the opposite direction to movement and therefor slows things down. can be reduced by lubrication.

18
Q

what is drag and how can you reduce it?

A

the resistance you get from a moving object. it increases as the speed increases and is reduced by making objects streamlined.

19
Q

what is terminal velocity?

A

when the resultant force acting on an object is 0 meaning it is moving at a steady speed.

20
Q

what is newtons first law?

A

a resultant force is needed to make something start moving, speed up or slow down.

21
Q

what is newtons second law?

A

the larger the resultant force on an object, the more it accelerates- force and direction are directly proportional..

22
Q

what formula can be used to describe newtons 2nd law?

A

F= ma

force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s^2)

23
Q

what is newtons 3rd law?

A

when two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite.

24
Q

what is inertia?

A

the tendency to remain unchanged. so is the tendency to continue in the same state of motion.

25
Q

what is an objects inertial mass and how do you find it?

A

inertial mass is how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object. F=ma

26
Q

what is you stopping distance and how do you work it out?

A

stopping distance is the distance it takes to stop a car after noticing the hazard and after applying the breaks.
SD= thinking distance + breaking distance

27
Q

what is your thinking and breaking distance?

A

thinking distance- how far the car travels during drivers reaction time (distance between seeing hazard and applying brakes)
breaking distance- how far the car travels after brakes have been applied.

28
Q

what can your thinking and breaking distance be effected by?

A

thinking- drugs, alcohol, age, distractions, tiredness.

breaking- weather conditions, road conditions, quality of breaks

29
Q

how do you measure reaction time?

A

drop ruler test

30
Q

what speed (acceleration) will an object typically fall at due to gravity?

A

9.8 m/s^2

31
Q

how do you calculate reaction time?

A

time= change in velocity / acceleration (9.8-gravity)

32
Q

what does momentum mean?

A

This is the tendency of the object to keep moving in the same direction (the amount of ‘oomph’ an object has).
the greater the mass of the object the more momentum it has and therefor the harder it is to stop it’s movement.

33
Q

how do you measure momentum?

A

P=mv

momentum (kg m/s)= mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)

34
Q

what happens to momentum in a closed system?

A

it is conserved (the amount of momentum before event= the amount of momentum after the event).

35
Q

what is meant by the term ‘centre of mass’

A

a point where you can assume the whole mass of an object is concentrated.
or
the point from which the weight of an object can be assumed to act

36
Q

What is the difference between elastics deformation and inelastic deformation?

A

Elastically deformed-it can go back to its original shape

Inelastically deformed-it cannot go back to its original shape and length after the forces have been removed.

37
Q

What are the three ways an object can be deformed?

A
  • stretched
  • compression
  • bending

physics (p5-p7) (3 decks)

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