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Physics > P5 Forces > Flashcards

P5 Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Vectors vs Scalar quantities

A

Forces are vector quantities they have MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION they represtented by an arrow (e.g force velocity acceleration)
Scalars only have MAGNITUDE

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2
Q

Contact vs Non- Contact

A

Contact has to be TOUCHING (e.g frcition, air resistance, tension)
Non-contact doesnt (e.g magnetic, gravitational, electrostaic)
When two objects INERACT both objects have a forced produced ( ground pushes on chair, chair pushes on ground)

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3
Q

What’s mass?

A

How much ‘stuff’ is in the object will REMAIN THE SAME anywhere

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4
Q

What’s weight?

A

The force acting upon an onject due to GRAVITY- will vary depending on planet for example as it’s causedby the GRAVITATIONAL FIELD STRENGTH

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5
Q

Equation for mass GFS and Weight

A

Weight (N) =Mass (kg) x GFS (N/kg)
DIRECTRLY PROPORTIONAL

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6
Q

How do free body diagrams work?

A

arrows show direction, size of arrows show magnitude

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7
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

the overall force on an object or point ( e.g 1200N to the left- 1000N to the right= a resultant force of 200N to the LEFT)
If a resultant force moves an object WORK IS DONE and ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED

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8
Q

How to calculate work done?

A

Work Done (J)= Force (N) x Distance (m)

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9
Q

How to reach equilibrium?

A

If all forces combine to a resulatnt force of 0

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10
Q

How does elastic deformation work?

A

more than one force acting, work is done causing energy to be transferred to the objects elastic pontential store- it can go back to its origional shape- these are ELASTIC OBJECTS ( e.g a spring)

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11
Q

How does inelastic deformation work?

A

if it doesn’t return to it’s original shape and length after the force has been removed.

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12
Q

Extenstio and force- whats the limit of proprotionality

A

they are DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
Force=spring constant x exstention
a stiffer material has a greater spring contant
BUT when the force is great enough this STOPS working this is the LIMIT OF PROPORTIONALITY

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13
Q

PRACTICAL investigating springs

A

Method;
1) measure the NATURAL LENGTH of the spring with a mm ruler that’s clamped to the stand take the reading at eye level
2) add mass to the spring and allow to REST record this new length the EXTENSION is the CHANGE in length.
3) REPEAT until you have enough meauremnts (>6)

You can use the measurments to work out energy stored;
Eleastic = 1/2 spring x extention
Potnetial energy constant
Ee=1/2ke^2

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14
Q

Whats a moment

A

The turning effect of a force
size of moment:
M=Fd (force x distance)
1) the force of the spanner causes a turning effect on the nut (which acts as a PIVOT). A larger force or longer distance would= a LARGER moment
2) To get the MAXIMUM moment you need to push at RIGHT ANGLES

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15
Q

Blanaced moments

A

The total anticlockwise moment= the clockwise moment about a pivot if the ibject is BALANCED

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16
Q

Whats a lever

A

they make it easier to do work- they INCREASE the DISTANCE meaning less force is needed to get the same moment

17
Q

What are gears

A

They trasmit rotational effects- theyre cirlcuar dics with ‘teeth’ around them. these interlock
different sized gears can change the moment of the force as a force transmitted to a larger gear will cause a bigger moment because the distance to the pivot is GREATER
a larger will turn SLOWER than a smaller one

18
Q

whats a fluid
equation for pressure in fluid

A

a substance that can flow because their pasrtciles can move around- these particles collide meanin pressure if exerted
P=F/A
pressure(Pa)=Force(N)/ Area m^2)

19
Q

pressure in LIQUIDS with depth and density

A

pressure in a LIQUID depedns on the depth and desnity, the more dense the more particles the more collisions= higher pressure, same with depth basicially.
P=hpg
pressure(pa)=hight(m) x density(kg/m3) x GFS 9N/kg)

20
Q

whats upthrust

A

pressure increases with depth so the force exterted on hte bottom of the object ius larger than the force actiang on the top making a RESULTANT force of UPTHRUST
the upthrust is EQUAL to the WEIGHT of the fluid that ahs been displaced THE PINEAPPLE

21
Q

what happens if an objects weight=upthrust?

A

It floats- as the forces have balanced. if the objects weight > upthrust then it sinks
Meaning if if floats or not depends on its density

22
Q

whats atmospheric pressure

A

created by air molecules in thr atmophere colliding with the surface
it decreases with hieght

23
Q

difference between diatnce and diplacemnt

A

distance is SCALAR just how far somehtings moved
displace,ent is a VECTOR

24
Q

speed vs velocity

A

speed is SCALAR just how fast your going
velocity is speed and direction its a VECTOR
distance travelled (m)= speed (m/s) x time (s)

25
Q

typical speed of a person wlaking

A

1.5 m/s

26
Q

person running

A

3 m/s

27
Q

person cylcing

A

6 m/s

28
Q

car speed

A

25 m/s

29
Q

train speed

A

55 m/s

30
Q

plane speed

A

250 m/s

31
Q

whats acceleration
(and deceleration)

A

how quickly your speeding change in veolicty over an amount of timr
acceleration=change in velo/time
m/s2, m/s, t
dceleration is just the opposite of this

32
Q

whats uniform acceleration

A

basisically comtasnt acceleration

33
Q

rules for distance-time graphs

A

gradient=speed
flat=stationary
straight uphill=steady speed
curves=acceleration/de
steeping curve=speeding up
levelling off curve=slowing down
find speed with a tangent if neccisary

34
Q

rules for velocity-time graphs

A

gradient=acceleration
flat=steady speed
steeper=freater accel/deccel
area=distance

35
Q

whats friction

A

if an obkject ahs no force it will always be stooppoed by friction, it acts in the OPPOSITE direction to movement.

36
Q

whats drag and air resistance

A

resistance in a fluid
air resistance is a type of drag
parachutes WANT drag to DECREASE drag we make things STREAMLINED
drag increases with speed

37
Q

whats terminal velocity

A

when falling objects start the force of gravoity is stronger than frcition meaning they accelerate
as speed increases so does the friction
until the resultant force is 0
this is the terminal velocity its maxiumum speed

38
Q

what two factors does terminal velocity depend on?

A

shape and area they affect teh frcition

39
Q

what do newtons first and second laws state

A

if the resultant force on a stationary object is0, the object will remain stationary. if the resultant force on a moving onject is 0 itll just carry on moving at thr same velocity.
acceleration is proportional to the resultant force

Physics (1 decks)

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