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Physics > P5 > Flashcards

P5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A

Transverse and Longitudinal waves

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2
Q

What is an example of transverse waves?

A

ripples on the surface of water

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3
Q

What is an example of longitudinal waves?

A

sound waves travelling in the air

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4
Q

What do all waves do?

A

transfer energy from one place to another

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5
Q

What type of energy do ripples in the water transfer?

A

Kinetic energy

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6
Q

what type of energy do sound waves transfer?

A

sound energy

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7
Q

What is transverse wave?

A

a wave that is moving up and down in a moment called oscillation. These movements are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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8
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

Particles moving from side to side. the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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9
Q

compressions?

A

regions in longitudinal waves where the air particles are very close together

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10
Q

rarefactions?

A

regions in longitudinal waves where the particles are spaced out

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11
Q

What do all longitudinal waves require to travel in?

A

a medium such as air, liquid or a solid

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12
Q

What part of the ripples on a water surface travels??

A

it is the wave that travels and not the water or air
e.g. shaking a slinky

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13
Q

Amplitude?

A

the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position (middle)
(half of the wave)

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14
Q

Wavelength?

A

the distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave
(e.g. top of both waves)

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15
Q

how to measure the wavelength on a longitudinal wave?

A

from one compression to the next compression

or from one rarefaction to the next rarefaction

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16
Q

Frequency?

A

the number of waves passing a point each second (Hz)

17
Q

period?

A

time in seconds for one wave to pass a point

18
Q

Wave speed?

A

speed at which the wave moves through the medium (speed at which energy is transferred

19
Q

wave speed=?

A

frequency (hz) x wavelength (m)

20
Q

a method to calculate the speed of sound waves in air?

A

2 people stand 500m apart
person A holds a pair of cymbals and person B holds a timer. person B starts timing when they see person A hit the cymbals together and stops it when they hear it. The calculate the speed of sound waves by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken

21
Q

2 problems of the method to calculate the speed of sound waves?

A

every person has a different reaction time
the time between the symbols clashing and hearing the sound is very short.

22
Q

what type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

transverse

23
Q

List of colours on the spectrum from lowest frequency and longer wavelength, to higher frequency and shorter wavelength

A

1) Red
2) Orange
3) Yellow
4) Green
5) Blue
6) Indigo
7) Violet

24
Q

What type of wave has the lowest frequency and lowest wavelength?

A

Radio waves

25
Q

What type of wave has the highest frequency and shortest wavelength?

A

Gamma rays

26
Q

What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel at?

A

3 X 108 m/s

27
Q

What causes light to appear to change direction as it passes through the water?

A

refraction

28
Q

What causes refraction (glass of water)?

A

waves can change direction when they change speed (velocity) moving from one medium to another

29
Q

Wave front?

A

an imaginary line that connects all the same points in a set of waves
e.g. the water surface in a glass

30
Q

What happens to the wavefront when it enters a glass of water?

A

it slows down and the lines become closer together

31
Q

What happens when we heat atoms?

A

we cause electrons to move from one energy level to another higher one, so when it returns to its original level, it generates an electromagnetic wave

32
Q

What 3 types of waves are very hazardous to the body?

A

Ultraviolet waves
X-rays
Gamma rays

33
Q

What risks do ultraviolet waves cause to humans?

A

skin cancer
skin to age prematurely

34
Q

What do x-rays and gamma rays do when they are absorbed?

A

they knock electron atoms off, leading to mutation of genes and risk of cancer

35
Q

What is the dose of radiation measure in?

A

sieverts(Sv) or millisieverts (mSv)

Physics (3 decks)

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