Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE PHYSICS PAPER 2 > P5 > Flashcards

P5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards AP® Physics flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between a scalar and vector quantity?

A

Scalar quantities - magnitude only
Vector quantities - have magnitude and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can a vector quantity be represented?

A

using an arrow

  • the length=magnitude
  • the direction of the arrow= direction of the vector quantity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull that acts on an object due to their interaction with another object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are contact forces?

A

The objects are physically touching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are non-contact forces?

A

The objects are physically separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give examples of contact forces

A
  • friction
  • tension
  • air resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give examples of non-contact forces?

A
  • gravity
  • electrostatic force
  • magnetic force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an interaction pair?

A

A pair of forces that are equal (in magnitude) and opposite in direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is force a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is weight?

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can you calculate the weight of an object

A

W= m x g

W= weight (N)
m= mass (kg)
g= gravitational field strength (N/kg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the weight of an object act?

A

at the object’s ‘centre of mass’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is weight measured with?

A

a newton meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the relationship between the weight and mass of an object

A

the weight of an object is directly proportional to the mass of an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

a number of forces acting on an object that may be replaced by a single force that has the same effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when the forces acting on an object combine to give a resultant force of 0?

A

The forces are balanced and the object is in equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is work done on an object?

A

When a force causes an object to move through a distance (when the force causes a displacement of the object)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can you calculate the work done by a force on an object?

A

W= F x s

W= work done (J)
F= force (N)
s= distance (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when work is done against the frictional forces acting on an object?

A

It causes a rise in the temperature of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does more than one force have to be applied in order to change the shape of an object (by bending, stretching or compressing) ?

A

Otherwise the object (e.g. the string) would just move in the direction of the single applied force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between elastic deformation and inelastic deformation?

A

elastically deformed - if it can go back to its original shape and length after the force has been removed
- e.g. a spring, rubber band

inelastically deformed - if it does not return to its original shape and length after the force has been removed, its shape will have been changed permanently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the extension of an elastic object

A

The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the equation for force?

A

F= k x e

F= force (N)
k= spring constant (N/m)
e= extension (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does a force that stretches or compress a spring do?

A

It does work and elastic potential energy is stored in the spring

provided the spring is not inelastically deformed, the work done and the elastic potential energy stored are equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the equation used to calculate elastic potential energy (up to the limit of proportionality)?

A

Ee = 1/2 x k x e^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a moment?

A

The turning effect of a force

27
Q

How do you calculate the size of the moment?

A

M = F x d

M= moment (Nm)
F= force (N)
d= perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force (m)

28
Q

What is the role of a lever?

A

Levers increases the distance from the pivot at which the force is applied

this means less force is needed to get the same movement

29
Q

Explain the function of gears

A

Gears are used to transmit the rotational effect of a force from one place to another

  • their teeth interlock that when one turns another turns in the opposite direction
  • the larger gear moves slower
30
Q

Explain what happens when an object is balanced

A

The total clockwise moment about a pivot equals the total anticlockwise moment about that pivot

31
Q

Describe the pressure in fluids (liquids/gases)

A

The pressure in fluids causes a force normal (at right angles) to any surface

32
Q

What equation can be used to calculate the pressure at the surface of a fluid?

A

p= F/A

p= pressure (Pa)
F= force normal to a surface(N)
A= area of that surface (m^2)

33
Q

How can you calculate the pressure due to a column of liquid?

A

pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength

p= h x p x g

p= pressure (Pa)
h= height (m)
p= density (kg/m^3)
g= gravitational field (N/kg)

34
Q

Why (in a liquid) does pressure at a point increase with the height of liquid above that point and with the density of the liquid?

A

The pressure increases because there are more water particles on top of the point and the increased pressure is due to the weight of the water above

35
Q

What does a partially or submerged object experience?

A

upthrust- a greater pressure on the bottom surface than on the top surface which creates a resultant force upwards

36
Q

Why do objects weigh less when in fluids?

A

The weight of an object decreases as the object experiences upthrust when submerged in a fluid. The resultant force of the weight and upthrust gives a reduced weight

37
Q

What does Archimedes principle state?

A

When a body is partly or totally immersed in a fluid, there is an upthrust that is equal to the weight of fluid displaced

38
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

a thin layer of air around the Earth
(it gets less dense with increasing altitude)

39
Q

What creates atmospheric pressure?

A

Air molecules colliding with a surface

40
Q

What happens to the number of air molecules above a surface as the height of the surface above ground level increases?

A

The number of air molecules decreases

41
Q

What happens as height increases?

A

atmospheric pressure decreases

42
Q

True or False: Distance is a vector quantity?

A

False- distance is scalar

43
Q

What is displacement?

A

This includes both the distance an object moves (from start point to finish point) and the direction of the straight line

44
Q

What type of quantity is speed?

A

Speed is scalar

45
Q

Give typical values for the speed of walking running and cycling

A
  • walking - 1.5 m/s
  • running- 3 m/s
  • cycling- 6 m/s
46
Q

What is a typical value for the speed of sound in air?

A

330 m/s

47
Q

How can you calculate the distance travelled in a specific time ( at a constant speed)?

A

s= v x t

s= distance (m)
v= speed (m/s)
t= time (s)

48
Q

What is velocity?

A

The speed of an object in a given direction
- so it is a vector quantity

49
Q

What is meant by terminal velocity?

A

after a while, a falling object would have a constant velocity

50
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

acceleration = change in velocity/ time taken

51
Q

Define inertia

A

The tendency of an object to continue in its current state of motion

52
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

If the resultant force acting on an object is 0:
- if it is stationary, it will remain stationary
- if it is moving, it will move at a constant speed

53
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

The resultant force acting on an object is directly proportional to the acceleration and indirectly proportional to the mass

F= ma

54
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

(Every action has an equal opposite reaction - Thomas Jefferson)

55
Q

What is momentum?

A

mass x velocity

56
Q

Describe the conservation of momentum principle

A

In a closed system, the momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after

57
Q

What happens when a car crashes (into a brick wall)?

A
  • The momentum decreases to 0 almost immediately
  • the massive change in momentum means that anyone inside the car would experience a huge force
58
Q

What is meant by stopping distance?

A

The distance it takes a car to stop in an emergency

(thinking distance + braking distance)

59
Q

What is ‘thinking distance’?

A

The distance travelled between when the driver realises they need to brake and when they apply the brake

60
Q

What is ‘braking distance’?

A

The distance the car travels between the driver applying the brakes and the car coming to a stop

61
Q

Factors affecting thinking distance

A
  • drugs/alcohol
  • tiredness
  • distractions (e.g. mobile phone)
62
Q

factors affecting braking distance

A
  • road conditions
  • tire conditions
  • brakes conditions
  • initial car speed
63
Q

What are dangers of large decelerations?

A

the greater the braking force the greater the deceleration.

  • A larger deceleration can cause overheating/skidding
  • It will also transfer more stopping force to the passengers which would harm the passengers

GCSE PHYSICS PAPER 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions