P4 Flashcards
What two things compose the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons.
What charge does each component of an atom have?
Proton?
Neutron?
Electron?
Proton= Positive charge Neutron= No charge Electron= Negative Charge
An _________ atom has equal numbers of electrons and protons
Uncharged
What can only be transferred to or from an atom?
Electrons
What is a charged atom called?
An ion
What does adding electrons to an uncharged atom do? (explain why)
It makes it negative because the atom has more electrons than protons.
What does removing electrons to an uncharged atom do? (explain why)
It makes it positive because the atom has fewer electrons than protons.
Rubbing a polythene ___ with a dry _____transfers electrons to the surface atoms of the rod from the cloth. So the polyethene rod becomes __________charged.
rod
cloth
negatively
Rubbing a _______ rod with a dry cloth transfers _________ from the surface atoms of the rod on to the cloth. So the perspex rod becomes __________ charged. Its positive charge is _____ to the negative charge of the dry cloth.
perspex
electrons
positively
equal
Two charged objects exert a non-contact force on each other because of their charge. This is because a charged object creates an ________ _____ around itself.
electric field
What happens to a second charged object within the field as the distance between them decreases?
As the distance decreases, the force between the two charged objects becomes stronger.
What do the lines on an electric field represent?
Electric field lines reveal information about the direction (and the strength) of an electric field within a region of space.
In what way would the lines on an electric field point if the sphere were negatively charged?
The lines would point towards the centre of the sphere.
What would happen if the two objects were oppositely charged within the electric field?
Electrons in the air molecules between two objects experience a force towards the positive object. If the field is too strong, sparking happens because some electrons are pulled out of air molecules by the force of the field. These electrons hit other air molecules by the force of the field.
What would happen if the field is too strong between the two objects?
Sparking happens because some electrons are pulled out of air molecules by the force of the field. These electrons hit other air molecules by the force of the field.
Does the same type of charges attract or repel each other?
The charges will repel each other.
Does the same type of charges attract or repel each other?
The charges will attract each other.
What does a circuit diagram show you?
It shows you how the components in a circuit are connected together.
What is a cell necessary for in a circuit?
A cell is necessary to push electrons around a complete circuit.
How many cells does a battery have?
Two or more.
What does the plus sign near the battery signal?
This signals that it is the positive terminal of the cell.
What does the switch enable in the circuit?
It enables the current in a circuit to be switched on or off.
What does the bulb do in the circuit?
It is designed to emit light as a signal when a current passes through it.