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p4 revision > p4 > Flashcards

p4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

1x10^-10 meters

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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3
Q

What is the plump pudding model?

A

An early model of the atom by JJ thompson where the atom is a ball of positive charge with little balls of negative charge in it (electrons)

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4
Q

What does the atomic number give?

A

The number of protons

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5
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

In May 1932 James Chadwick announced that the core also contained a new uncharged particle

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6
Q

What is contamination?

A

Something becoming radioactive and staying radioactive even after leaving the source

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7
Q

What is irradiation?

A

Something being exposed to radiation and staying radioactive until it has left the source

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8
Q

What does ionising mean?

A

Removal of an electron from an atom?

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9
Q

What do we use to measure count rate?

A

A geiger counter

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10
Q

What type of radiation is the most penetrating?

A

Gamma rays

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11
Q

What is the definition of half life?

A

The time taken for radioactivity to fall half its original count

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12
Q

Why is radiation dangerous?

A

Can mutate cells, lead to cancer

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13
Q

What can we do to keep safe around radiation?

A

Keep as far away as possible, spend as little time near radioactive sources

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14
Q

What is the activity of a radioactive isotope measured in?

A

Becquerels (Bq)

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15
Q

What does the mass number give?

A

The number of protons and neutrons

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16
Q

How do we get the neutrons?

A

Minus the atomic number from the mass number

17
Q

What is alpha, beta, gamma radiation made of?

A

Alpha - helium nucleus (2 protons, 2 electrons) Beta -1 fast moving electron, Gamma - electromagnetic wave

18
Q

What is irradiation used for

A

Sterilising food/medical equipment

19
Q

What was the experiment that disproved the plump pudding model?

A

The gold foil experiment

20
Q

What was the gold foil experiment?

A

Shooting alpha particles at gold foil to see if any would bounce off, when a few did bounce off this disproved the plum pudding model

21
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons and neutrons (inside nucleus) electrons (orbiting around the nucleus)

22
Q

what type of radiation is the most ionising?

A

Alpha radition

23
Q

What does ionising mean?

A

Removal of an electron from an atom

24
Q

What happens to the mass number/atomic number during alpha decay

A

the mass number decreases by 4. the atomic number decreases by 2.

25
Q

What happens to the mass number/atomic number during beta decay

A

Mass number remains the same, atomic number goes up by 1

26
Q

What happens to the mass number/atomic number during gamma decay?

A

No change to atomic or mass number

p4 revision (1 decks)

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