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Physics > P3.3 > Flashcards

P3.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do waves transfer ?

A

Energy

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2
Q

What are the two types of waves ?

A

Longitudinal, Transverse

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3
Q

What are longitudinal waves ?

A

Longitudinal waves have oscillations which are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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4
Q

What are the squished and stretched parts of a longitudinal wave called ?

A

Compression, rarefaction

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5
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave.

A

Sound wave

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6
Q

What is a transverse waves ?

A

Transverse waves have oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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7
Q

Give an example of a Transverse wave.

A

Light, sea wave

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8
Q

What can happen when a wave arrives a boundary between two different materials ?

A

The wave can be reflected, refracted or absorbed

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9
Q

What is reflection ?

A

Reflection is when light bounces back the direction it came from at a boundary between materials

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10
Q

What is refraction ?

A

Refraction is when light changes speed as it moves from one medium to another, so light bends towards or away from the normal

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11
Q

What is the frequency of a wave ?

A

Frequency is the number of waves that pass a point each second

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12
Q

What is the unit of frequency ?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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13
Q

What is a period ?

A

A period is the length of time it takes one wave to pass a given point

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14
Q

What is the unit of a period ?

A

Seconds (s)

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15
Q

What is the definition of wavelength ?

A

Wavelength is the distance from one point on one wave to the identical point on the next wave.

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16
Q

What is the unit of wavelength ?

A

Metres (m)

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17
Q

What is the definition of amplitude ?

A

The maximum distance of a point on the wave from its rest position

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18
Q

What is the peak of a wave ?

A

The peak is the highest point of a wave

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19
Q

What is the trough of a wave ?

A

The trough is the lowest point of a wave

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20
Q

What frequencies can humans hear ?

A

Humans can only hear frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz

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21
Q

What is any sound above 20,000 Hz called ?

A

An ultrasound

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22
Q

What is the velocity of a wave ?

A

Speed in the direction the wave is travelling

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23
Q

What is the equation that links velocity of a wave, displacement and time ?

A

Velocity = displacement/time

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24
Q

What is the equation that links velocity of a wave, frequency and wavelength ?

A

Velocity = frequency x wavelength

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25
Q

What is the unit of velocity ?

A

Metres Per second (m/s)

26
Q

What is the unit of displacement ?

A

Metres (m)

27
Q

What is the unit for time ?

A

Seconds (s)

28
Q

Can waves travel through solids,causing vibrations ?

A

Yes

29
Q

Can sound waves travel through air ?

A

Yes

30
Q

Why do people hear sounds ?

A

As the sound wave vibrates on their eardrum

31
Q

What are 2 ways we can investigate waves ?

A

Ripple tank, string and a frequency generator

32
Q

How can you calculate wave speed ?

A

Frequency x wavelength

33
Q

How does ultrasound work ?

A

Ultrasound waves are partially reflected at the boundary between two materials. The time taken to reach a detector can determine how far away an object is

34
Q

What can ultrasound be used for ?

A

Seeing unborn babies, finding cracks in pipes and finding how far away underwater objects are

35
Q

What are seismic waves

A

Earthquakes

36
Q

What can seismic waves help us understand ?

A

The structure of the earth

37
Q

What are the two types of seismic waves ?

A

S waves and P waves

38
Q

What is a P wave ?

A

A longitudinal seismic wave

39
Q

What is a S wave ?

A

A transverse seismic wave

40
Q

Can S waves travel through liquid ?

A

No

41
Q

Can P waves travel through both solids and liquids ?

A

Yes, P waves travel at different speeds through solids and liquids

42
Q

What are the different ways that energy can be transferred ?

A

Mechanically, heating, electric current, waves

43
Q

Name the 8 energy stores.

A

Chemical, elastic potential, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear, thermal, kinetic, gravitational

44
Q

What is a way to calculate the frequency of a wave with only the time period ?

A

Frequency = 1/time period

45
Q

What does a higher frequency mean on an oscilloscope screen ?

A

Higher pitch

46
Q

What does a higher amplitude mean on a oscilloscope screen ?

A

Louder sound

47
Q

What is the definition of speed.

A

Distance travelled per unit time

48
Q

Is speed a vector or scalar quantity?

A

Scalar

49
Q

Is velocity a scalar of vector quantity?

A

Vector

50
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection

51
Q

What happens when light moves from a more dense medium to a less dense medium ?

A

It bends away from the normal

52
Q

What happens to the wavelength, speed and frequency when a wave enters a new medium ?

A

The wavelength and speed change but the frequency stays the same

53
Q

What happens when light moves from a less dense material to a more dense material ?

A

Part reflects and part refracts

54
Q

How would you calculate frequency from a ripple tank ?

A

Count the number of waves passing a fixed point in 20 seconds and then divide by the number of seconds (20)

55
Q

How would you calculate wavelength from a ripple tank ?

A

Using the ruler measure the length across as many waves as possible then divide by the number of waves

56
Q

What is each ripple called in a ripple tank?

A

A wave front

57
Q

How are plane (straight) waves produced in a ripple tank ?

A

By repeatedly dipping the (long edge of a ruler) into the water

58
Q

What are the waves called (in a ripple tank) as they approach the barrier ?

A

Incident waves

59
Q

What are waves called (in a ripple tank) when they reflect off the barrier ?

A

Reflected waves

60
Q

How does sound travel through the air ?

A

Vibrations of a source cause layers of air particles beside it to vibrate this then makes layers of air particles next to them vibrate

61
Q

What does a transducer do ?

A

A transducer produces and detects sets (or pulses) of ultrasound waves

62
Q

What are two advantages to using ultrasound compared to x-rays ?

A
  • ultrasound can be used to scan organs and other soft tissues in the body
  • ultrasound is non ionizing and is harmless to use

Physics (1 decks)

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