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Physics > P3 - Waves > Flashcards

P3 - Waves Flashcards

waves

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1
Q

definition of waves

A

transfers energy outwards from a source, through a medium, without the movement of matter and particles

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2
Q

definition of electromagnetic waves

A

consists of oscillating electric and magnetic field with no medium required. It travels fastest in a vacuum

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3
Q

definition of mechanical waves

A

transfer of energy through oscillation of particles (medium is required). It travels faster in a denser medium

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4
Q

definition of transverse waves

A

direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (propagation)

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5
Q

what does the type of wave depend on?

A

direction of oscillation

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6
Q

give 3 examples of transverse waves

A

-electromagnetic radiation
-water waves
-seismic secondary waves

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7
Q

definition of longitude waves

A

direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of energy transfer (propagation)

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8
Q

give 2 examples of longitudinal waves

A

-sound waves
-seismic primary waves

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9
Q

definition of wavelength

A

distance between trough/crest of wave and next trough/crest

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10
Q

what is the energy if the wavelength is low?

A

high

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11
Q

what should the x axis be for the wavelength to be

A

distance/displacement

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12
Q

definition of amplitude

A

how big the oscillation around the mean is

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13
Q

what are 3 things that happen when there is a high amplitude?

A

-more energy
-loudness increases
-water waves move more

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14
Q

definition of frequency

A

number of troughs that pass through a certain point each second

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15
Q

what happens to the energy when there is a higher frequency?

A

more energy

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16
Q

definition of time period

A

time taken to complete 1 cycle

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17
Q

what should the x axis be for time period to be?

A

time

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18
Q

what happens to the frequency and wavelength when a wave changes medium?

A

frequency stays the same
wavelength changes

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19
Q

where is the speed of light fastest?

A

in vacuum

20
Q

where is sound fastest?

A

dense medium

21
Q

why is it called electromagnetic waves?

A

wave consists of electro and magnetic fields

22
Q

what is the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum/air?

A

high speed - 3x10^8 m/s

23
Q

state the electromagnetic spectrum from least to most energy

A

radio –> micro –> infrared –> visible –> ultra-violet –> x-ray –> gamma

24
Q

radio waves have the highest/longest …?

A

wavelength

25
Q

gamma rays have the highest …? and most …?

A

highest frequency
most energy

26
Q

state 3 uses of radio waves

A

-radio
-television transmissions
-radar

27
Q

state 3 uses of microwaves

A

-satellite television
-mobile phone
-microwave ovens

28
Q

state 2 uses of infrared waves

A

-remote controllers for televisions
-thermal imaging

29
Q

state 2 uses of visible waves

A

-vision
-photography

30
Q

state 1 use of ultra violet waves

A

detecting fake bank notes

31
Q

state 2 uses of x-ray waves

A

-medical scanning
-security scanners

32
Q

state 2 uses of gamma ray waves

A

-detection of cancer
-cancer treatment

33
Q

state 3 harmful effects of ultra-violet

A

-damage to surface cells and eyes
-can lead to skin cancer
-can lead to eye conditions

34
Q

state 1 harmful effect of x-ray waves

A

mutation/damage to cells in the body

35
Q

state 1 harmful effect of gamma ray waves

A

mutation/damage to cells in the body

36
Q

cause of harmful effects on people (electromagnetic spectrum)

A

excessive exposure to electromagnetic radiation

37
Q

what is sound produced by?

A

vibrating sources

38
Q

what are longitudinal nature of sound waves in air?

A

series of compressions and rarefactions

39
Q

definition of compressions

A

regions of higher pressure because particles are closer together

40
Q

definition of rarefactions

A

regions of lower pressure because the particles are spread further apart

41
Q

whats the range of frequencies audible to humans?

A

20Hz - 20kHz

42
Q

what is needed to transmit sound waves

A

medium

43
Q

sound travels fast in …,then …, then ….

A

solid, then liquid, then gas

44
Q

what do the changes in amplitude and frequency affect?

A

loudness and pitch of sound waves

45
Q

definition of echo

A

reflection of a sound wave

46
Q

definition of ultrasound

A

sound with a frequency higher than 20kHz

Physics (13 decks)

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