P3: SPECIMEN COLLECTION

Question 1

Recall 3 PHASES OF SPECIMEN COLLECTION.

Answer 1

1. Preanalytical phase
2. Analytical phase
3. Postanalytical phase

Note: Clinical Phase (Only for physicians)

Question 2

[True/ False] QUALITY ASSURANCE of the laboratory depends on the 3 Phases of Specimen Collection.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Recall PREANALYTICAL PHASE, ANALYTICAL PHASE, POSTANALYTICAL PHASE, AND CLINICAL PHASE.

Answer 3

PREANALYTICAL PHASE
1. Test ordered
2. Patient Identification
3. Patient Preparation
4. Specimen Collection (Drawing of sample –> Labelling)

ANALYTICAL PHASE
1. Transportation of sample
2. Sample Identification
3. Calibration
4. Measuring of sample

POSTANALYTICAL PHASE
1. Quality Control
2. Interpretation

CLINICAL PHASE
1. Results conveyed to physician
2. Results interpreted full clinical context
3. Clinical response to result

Question 4

Considered as the FRAMEWORK OF MICROBIOLOGY.

Answer 4

Methods of Identification

Question 5

METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION includes:
1. Microscopic: _____
2. Culture: _____
3. Biochemical Tests: _____

Answer 5

1. Microscopic: Morphology
2. Culture: Genus
3. Biochemical Tests: Specie

Question 6

TEST that is usually requested in microbiology which provide the physician with the correct set of antimicrobial drugs. Hence, process would be (Culture –> Sensitivity Testing –> Physician order receipts of antibiotic)

Answer 6

Culture and Sensitivity Testing

Question 7

Recall the 5 GENERAL SPECIMEN COLLECTION GUIDELINES.

Answer 7

[Check Picture in Gallery]

Question 8

ANTISEPTIC used for blood culture collection.

Answer 8

Povidone-iodine

Question 9

STAGE OF ILLNESS where specimens should be collected.

Answer 9

Acute phase (or within 2-3 days for viral infections)

Question 10

There are some infections that would require to collect different types of specimen during different types of disease such as TYPHOID FEVER (CA: Salmonella typhi). During these weeks it is best to collect:

1st week: ______
2nd- 3rd week (Bacterial shed off): _____
4th week (Convalescence): _____

Answer 10

1st week: Blood sample
2nd- 3rd week (Bacterial shed off): Urine and Stool
4th week (Convalescence): Serum (To detect presence of antibodies)

Question 11

IDEAL VOLUME for blood culture.

Answer 11

10mL / blood culture

Question 12

Recall 5 THINGS LABELED during specimen labelling and EXAMPLES OF INCORRECT LABELLING.

Answer 12

[Check Picture in Gallery]

Question 13

Since bacteria are vulnerable to delay in processing and as soon as bacteria is shed off from the body, what are the 3 PROCESSES undergone by the bacteria?

Answer 13

1. Growth
2. Reproduction
3. Death

Question 14

Two things used when there is DELAYED IN TRANSPORT AND PROCESSING.

Answer 14

1. Refrigeration (24 hrs)
2. Transport Medium (E.g., Gelatin = Nutrition-poor and temporary to slow down the 3 processes undergone by bacteria)

Question 15

3 things to note during TRANSPORT OF SPECIMEN (REFERRAL TESTING).

Answer 15

1. VOLUME:
   - Must not exceed 40mL
   - Bacteria and fungi: Tubed solid media
2. PACKAGING: Leak-proof, tightly sealed containers w Biohazard label
   - Package acc. to IATA’s guidelines = International Air Transport
   Association
3. PAPERWORKS: Itemized content

Question 16

In packaging infectious substances for shipping, a TRIPLE PACKAGING SYSTEM is used. It is called the triple packaging system since it contains?

Answer 16

1. Package #1: Test tube: Where w place spx
2. Package #2: Canister: Where we place test tube
3. Package #3: Hard box: Where documents is placed, biosafety label, UN number, to whom and from whom

Question 17

UN # for infectious substance category A (a.k.a known samples).

Answer 17

UN2814

Question 18

UN # for biological substance category B (a.k.a unknown samples).

Answer 18

UN3373

Question 19

Recall CRITICAL TIME DELIVERY OF SPECIMEN IN THE MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY, CRITERIA FOR SPECIMEN REJECTION, AND REJECTED SPECIMEN FOR ANAEROBIC CULTURE.

Answer 19

[Check Picture in Gallery]

Question 20

UNIVERSAL PRECUATIONS must be followed when handling all specimens. Hence, appropriate barriers (PPE) and biological safety cabinet must be used. In routine testing, what are the only PPEs used?

Answer 20

1. Gloves
2. Masks
3. Lab gowns/ Coats

For aspiration:
4. Goggles

For surgery:
5. Impermeable gowns/ aprons

Question 21

Recall the SUMMARY OF THE 7 CLINICAL SPECIMENS, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT, STORAGE, AND PROCESSING OF SPECIMENS COMMONLY SUBMITTED TO A MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY.

Answer 21

[Check in Summary Table]