P3: Particle Model Of Matter WIP [No Triple yet]

Question 1

What is density?

Answer 1

Density is a measure of how closely packed together atoms in a material are

Question 2

What is the equation linking density, mass and volume?

Answer 2

Density = Mass / Volume
(Density x Volume = mass)

Kilograms per metre cubed = kilograms / metres cubed

Question 3

What are the characteristics & motion patterns of particles in a solid?

Answer 3

\+ Particles are stationary
\+ The densest of states (Particles are packed close together)
\+ The State with the lowest volume
\+ Particles are arranged uniformly
\+ Particles vibrate in fixed positions

Question 4

What are the characteristics & motion patterns of particles in a liquid?

Answer 4

+ Particles move relative to one another
+ Denser than gas, less dense than solids
+ Less volume than gas, more volume than solids
> Note: There are exceptions such as ice, which is less dense than water & floats
+ Particles are in constant motion

Question 5

What are the characteristics & motion patterns of a gas?

Answer 5

\+ Particles in a gas move rapidly in random directions, without correlation 
> This is called Brownian motion
\+ It is the least dense state
\+ It is the state with the most volume
\+ Particles are in constant motion

Question 6

How do you find the density of an irregular object?

Answer 6

+ Place the irregular object in a container of water at full capacity
> This will cause it to overflow
+ The overflown (or displaced) water’s volume is equal to the volume of the irregular object

Question 7

How can the state of a substance be changed?

Answer 7

+ By changing the substance’s temperature

+ By changing the substance’s pressure

Question 8

What happens to the mass of a substance when it changes state?

Answer 8

+ It is conserved

> A kilogram of solid becomes a kilogram of liquid when melted

Question 9

What type of reaction is a change in state?

Answer 9

+ A change in state is a physical change, meaning no new substances are formed & it is reversible

Question 10

What is internal energy?

Answer 10

+ Internal energy is the energy that is stored by all the particles in an energy system
+ The internal energy of a molecule is the sum of its kinetic & potential energy

Question 11

What factors dictate how much the temperature of an object changes?

Answer 11

+ The object’s specific heat capacity
+ The mass of the object
+ The energy transferred into or out of an object

Question 12

What is the specific heat capacity of an object?

Answer 12

+ The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy that is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of that substance by one degree celsius

Question 13

What is the equation of finding an object’s specific heat capacity?

Answer 13

Change in Energy = Mass x Specific tool capacity x Change in temperature

Joules = kilograms x joules per kilogram degree centigrade x degree centigrade

Question 14

What is latent heat?

Answer 14

+ The latent heat of an object is the amount of energy required to change that object’s state without altering its temperature
+ There are two types:
> The Latent heat of fusion : The latent heat required to turn a solid into a liquid, or vice versa
> The latent heat of Vaporization : The latent heat required to turn a liquid into a gas and vice versa

Question 15

What is the equation for latent heat?

Answer 15

Energy transferred = MAss x Latent heat

Joules = kilograms x Joules per kilogram

Question 16

What is pressure?

Answer 16

+ Pressure is a measurement of the force exerted on a container’s wall by the particles contained within colliding against it

Question 17

What happens when a gas is heated

Answer 17

+ When a gas in a container is heated, the speed of its molecules increases, since there is a direct correlation between temperature & kinetic energy (Internal energy)
> Thusly, the particles collide with the wall of the container more often, exerting a greater overall force
> This causes the walls of the container to expand (Balloon) or a greater pressure to be placed upon them (Gas tank)

Question 18

What can pressure do to a gas?

Answer 18

+ Expand it

+ Compress it