P3 - Particle Model Of Matter

Question 1

Equation for density

Answer 1

Density (kg/m3) = mass (kg) \ volume (m3)

Question 2

Required practical - density of a regular solid object (3)

Answer 2

• Use a balance to measure its mass
• measure the length, width and height - calculate the volume
• Calculate density using the equation

Question 3

Required practical - density of a irregular solid object (4)

Answer 3

• Find the volume - by submerging it in a eureka can filled with water
• The water displaced by the object will be transferred to the measuring cylinder
• Record the volume of water in cylinder. This is the volume of the object
• put the object’s mass and volume into the density formula

Question 4

Diagram for the solid model

Answer 4

Check on chegg

Question 5

Diagram for the liquid model

Answer 5

Check on chegg

Question 6

Diagram for the gas model

Answer 6

Check on chegg

Question 7

Explain the solid state of matter in terms of arrangement of atoms or molecules (2)

Answer 7

• Strong forces of attraction hold the particles close together in a fixed, regular arrangement
• The particles don’t have much energy so they can only vibrate about their fixed positions

Question 8

Explain the liquid state of matter in terms of arrangement of atoms or molecules (3)

Answer 8

• There are weaker forces of attraction between the particles
• The particles are closer together, but can move past each other, and form irregular arrangements
• They have more energy than the particles in a solid - they move in random directions at low speed

Question 9

Explain the gas state of matter in terms of arrangement of atoms or molecules (3)

Answer 9

• There almost no forces of attraction between the particles
• The particles have more energy than in liquids and solids
• free to move, and are constantly moving with random directions and speeds

Question 10

What happens to the mass when substances change state

Answer 10

The mass is conserved

Question 11

What are changes of state

Answer 11

Are physical changes which differ from chemical changes because the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed

Question 12

Internal energy (2)

Answer 12

• Is the energy stored inside a system by the particles that make up the system
• Is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up the system

Question 13

What happens when the energy of the particles is increased

Answer 13

This either raises the temperature of the system or produces a change of state

Question 14

What does the increase in temperature depend on when the temperature of a system increases

Answer 14

• The mass of the substance heated

* The type of material and the energy input to the system

Question 15

Equation for the change in thermal energy

Answer 15

Change in thermal energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg°C) x temperature change (°C)

Question 16

Specific heat capacity of a substance

Answer 16

Is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius

Question 17

Latent heat

Answer 17

Is the energy needed for a substance to change state

Question 18

What happens when a change of state occurs

Answer 18

The energy supplied changes the energy stored (internal energy) but not the temperature

Question 19

Specific latent heat of a substance

Answer 19

Is the amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 20

Equation for energy for a change of state

Answer 20

Energy for a change of state (J) = mass (kg) x specific latent heat (J/kg)

Question 21

Specific latent heat of fusion

Answer 21

Change of state from solid to liquid

Question 22

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

Answer 22

Change of state from liquid to vapour

Question 23

Heating graph

Answer 23

Check chegg

Question 24

Cooling graph

Answer 24

Check chegg

Question 25

Molecules of gas

Answer 25

* Are in a constant motion | * The temperature of the gas is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules

Question 26

What happens when the temperature of a gas ,held at a constant volume, is changed

Answer 26

The pressure exerted by the gas changes

Question 27

How does the motion of the molecules in a gas is related to both its temperature and its pressure (3)

Answer 27

* If you increase the temperature of a gas, you transfer energy into the kinetic energy stores of its particles * The higher the temperature the higher the average energy * So as you increase the temperature of a gas, the average speed of its particles increase

Question 28

The relation between the temperature of a gas and its pressure at constant volume (4)

Answer 28

* Increasing the temperature increases the pressure * As the particles are travelling quickly, it means that they hit the sides of the container more often in a given amount of time * Each particle has a larger momentum meaning they exert a larger force when they collide with the container * These factors both increase the total force exerted on a unit area, and so increase the pressure