P3 - Particle Model of Matter Flashcards
What does the particle model of matter state?
Everything is made up of tiny particles
The particle model describes matter as consisting of small particles that are in constant motion.
How can particles in matter be visualized in particle theory?
As tiny balls
This visualization helps explain the behavior of matter based on particle movement and forces.
What are the three states of matter according to the particle model?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Each state has a different arrangement and energy level of particles.
Describe the arrangement and energy of particles in solids.
Fixed, regular arrangement with low energy
Particles in solids vibrate about fixed positions due to strong forces of attraction.
Describe the arrangement and energy of particles in liquids.
Irregular arrangement with more energy than solids
Liquid particles can move past each other but remain close together.
Describe the arrangement and energy of particles in gases.
Random arrangement with high energy
Gas particles are free to move and have almost no forces of attraction between them.
What happens when gas particles collide with a container?
They exert a force, creating pressure
Pressure is defined as the force exerted per unit area.
How is pressure defined in a gas?
The total force exerted by gas particles on a unit area of container walls
This definition applies to gases in sealed containers.
What effect does increasing the temperature of a gas have?
It increases the average energy and speed of the particles
Higher temperature leads to more kinetic energy in gas particles.
Fill in the blank: Pressure in a gas at constant volume increases when the temperature _______.
increases
Increased temperature causes particles to collide more frequently and with greater force.
What is the relationship between particle speed and temperature in a gas?
Higher temperature results in higher average speed of particles
This relationship is due to the kinetic energy stored in the particles.
True or False: Gases have strong forces of attraction between particles.
False
Gases have almost no forces of attraction, allowing for free movement of particles.
What happens to the momentum of particles when temperature increases?
It increases
Increased momentum results in a larger force during collisions with the container.
What does density measure?
The compactness of a substance, relating mass to volume.
What are the units of density?
kg/m³ and g/cm³.
What is the symbol for density?
The Greek letter rho (ρ).
How is density calculated?
Density = mass ÷ volume.
What is the density of a gold bar with a mass of 12 kg and a volume of 6.3 × 10⁴ m³?
19,000 kg/m³ (to 2 significant figures).
How does the arrangement of particles affect density?
Density depends on the material’s composition and particle arrangement.
True or False: Solids are generally denser than liquids.
True.
What is the first step to find the density of a solid object?
Use a balance to measure its mass.
How do you find the volume of a regular solid?
Measure length, width, and height, then calculate using the relevant formula.
What method is used to find the volume of an irregular solid?
Submerge it in a eureka can filled with water.
Fill in the blank: The volume of a cube is equal to _______.
length x width x height.