P.3 Particle Model of Matter Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
Solid → liquid
Melt
Liquid → solid
Freeze
Liquid → gas
Evaporation OR boiling
Gas → liquid
Condensation
Solid → gas
Sublimation
Gas → solid
Deposition
The particles of which state “vibrate around a fixed point”?
Solid
The particles of which state “have a regular arrangement ”?
Solid
The particles of which state “have strong forces of attraction”?
Solid
The particles of which state “have low kinetic energy”?
Solid
To melt a solid, we supply thermal energy as heat. How does this melt the solid? (talk about energy in particles)
Thermal energy is supplied to a solid, increasing the kinetic energy in the particles. This means that particles gain enough kinetic energy to stop vibrating around a fixed point, and instead become free to move.
The particles of which state “can move freely”?
Liquid
The particles of which state “are randomly arranged, but all touching”?
Liquid
The particles of which state “have weak forces of attraction”?
Liquid
The particles of which state “have higher kinetic energy”?
Liquid
The particles of which state “move at random speeds”?
Gas
The particles of which state “move in random directions”?
Gas
The particles of which state “have very weak (almost no) forces of attraction”?
Gas
The particles of which state “are spread out”?
Gas
The particles of which state “have the highest kinetic energy”?
Gas
Define “density”
The mass per given volume
What is density measured in?
g/cm³ or kg/m³
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass/volume
Define “volume”
The space a 3D object takes up
What is volume measured in?
cm³ or m³
What is the formula for the volume of a cube/cuboid?
Width x depth x height
What is the formula for the volume of a cylinder?
πr² x d
What is the formula for the volume of a sphere?
4/3 πr³
Define “mass”
The amount of matter in something
What is mass measured in?
Grams or kilograms
What tool measures weight?
Scales
What tool measures mass?
Balance
Archemides did this with a gold crown
How do you measure an irregular object’s volume?
You can displace water
There are two names for this0
What unique piece of apparatus is used to perform a displacement of water experiment?
Eureka beaker/displacement can
Describe the methods you should use to measure the densities of 2 objects - a metal cube and a statue of a dog.
- Place the metal cube on a balance to record its mass in grams
- Repeat for the statue
- Measure the 3 side lengths of the cube in centimetres with a ruler, and times the values together to obtain the volume of the cube
- The statue is an irregular object, so you must use a displacement can to measure its volume. Fill the displacement can up with water up to the level of the spout. It should be just starting to drip from the spout. Wait until it stops dripping.
- Hold a beaker under the spout to collect any water, and place the statue in the water.
- Wait until the spout stops dripping, and measure the volume of water that is in the beaker in cm³. The volume of the water is equal to the volume of the statue.
- Now you have the volume and mass of the statue and metal cube. Use the equation density = mass/volume to calculate the density of both objects.
