P3 Particle model of matter

Question 1

What is a solid?

Answer 1

-strong forces of attraction.
-particles held together very closely in a fixed, regular arrangement.
- particles do not have much energy and can only vibrate.

Question 2

What is a liquid ?

Answer 2

-weaker forces of attraction.
-particles close together, but can move past each other.
-irregular arrangement.
- more energy than particles in a solid.

Question 3

What is a gas?

Answer 3

• almost no forces of attraction between the particles.
• the most energy and are free to move in random directions.

Question 4

What is the gas pressure?

Answer 4

When you put gas in a container the particles move around and hit the walls of the container.

Question 5

What happens to the gas when the temperature rises?

Answer 5

The gas pressure will also increase.
The hotter the temperature, the more kinetic energy the gas particles have.
They move faster colliding with the sides of the container.

Question 6

What is density?

Answer 6

It is a measure of how much mass there is in a given space.

Question 7

What is the formula for density?

Answer 7

Density (kg/m3) = mass (kg) / (divided by) volume (m3)

Question 8

What is the difference between more and less dense materials?

Answer 8

A more dense material will have more particles in the same volume when compared to a less dense material.

Question 9

What is the density of an object is 8050 kg/m3 and it has a volume of 3.4m3. What is its mass in kg?

Answer 9

Density (kg/m3) = mass (kg) / (divided by) volume (m3)
8050 = mass / 3.4
8050 x 3.4 = mass
27370kg

Question 10

What type of energy do the particles in a system have?

Answer 10

• kinetic energy

Question 11

What is internal energy?

Answer 11

The total internal energy of system is the kinetic energy and the potential energy store

Question 12

What happens when the system is heated?

Answer 12

The particles will gain more kinetic energy so increasing the internal energy.

Question 13

What happens when the temperature is increase?

Answer 13

If heated enough then there will be enough energy to break bonds and change the state.

Question 14

What happens when something changes state?

Answer 14

No chemical change only a physical one.
The substance will change back to its original form .
The number particles and the mass stay the same.

Question 15

What is specific latent heat?

Answer 15

the energy required for a particular change in state
- energy being put in during boiling and melting.

Question 16

What does the energy in specific latent heat do?

Answer 16

The energy is being used to break the bonds.

Question 17

What happens when a substance is condensing or freezing?

Answer 17

The energy put in is used to form the bonds. This releases energy. The internal energy decreases but the temperature does not go down.

Question 18

What is the energy needed to change the state of a substance called?

Answer 18

latent heat.

Question 19

What is specific latent heat?

Answer 19

the amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kilogram (kg) of a material without changing its temperature.

Question 20

Is specific latent heat different for different materials?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What is the specific latent heat to change a solid to a liquid?

Answer 21

Specific latent heat of fusion

Question 22

What is the specific latent heat to change a liquid to a gas?

Answer 22

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

Question 23

What is the Specific latent heat equation?

Answer 23

Energy (E) = mass (m) x specific latent heat (L)

E=ml

Question 24

Required practical - Measuring the density of a regular shaped object.

What is the method?

Answer 24

1. Measure the mass using a balance
2. Measure the length, width and height using a ruler.
3. calculate the volume
4. use the density (p = m/v) equation to calculate.

Question 25

Required practical - Measuring the density of a irregular shaped object.

Answer 25

1. Measure the mass using a balance
2. fill a eureka can with water
3. Place the object in the water- the water displaced by the object will transfer into a measuring cylinder
4. measure the volume of water. This equals the volume of the object
5. use the density (p = m/v) equation to calculate.