P3: LYMPHOCYTE ONTOGENY AND ANTIGEN PRESENTATION, CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION, IMMUNE RESPONSE AND LINES OF DEFENSE Flashcards
These are important cells of the ADAPTIVE/ACQUIRED IMMUNITY since they are activated to produce various responses, depending on the type of antigen.
T-cells
Degradation of EXOGENOUS ANTIGEN into SMALLER PEPTIDES which would be then presented to the T-HELPER CELL via the CLASS II MHC, and would not only activate T-HELPER CELL but also TH2 cell which induces the production of antibody.
Antigen-presenting cell
Induces the production of antibody.
TH2 Cell
Target of cytotoxic T cell since it is infected with an intracellular pathogen.
Target cell
By what process will the infected target cell be killed?
Degradation of INFECTED INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN into smaller peptide which would then be presented to the CYTOTOXIC T CELLS via the MHC CLASS I which the cytotoxic T cells release toxic substances that will kill the target cell.
[T-CELL ONTOGENY] T-cell progenitors develop in the _____ and migrate to the _____ during the 8TH OR 9TH WEEK OF GESTATION for maturation which would then undergo REARRANGEMENT OF GERMLINE T CELL RECEPTOR GENES.
T-cell progenitors develop in the BONE MARROW and migrate to the THYMUS during the 8TH OR 9TH WEEK OF GESTATION for maturation which would then undergo REARRANGEMENT OF GERMLINE T CELL RECEPTOR GENES.
[T-CELL ONTOGENY] Function of the REARRANGEMENT OF GERMLINE T CELL RECEPTOR GENES.
To ensure that the T cell receptor genes have the ability to distinguish self from non-self.
[T-CELL ONTOGENY] [TRUE/FALSE] Immature T-cells that recognize self MHC receive signals for survival. Those that interact strongly with self antigen are removed from the repertoire via apoptosis.
TRUE (Since Immature T-cells should not be released hence are removed so that they would not attack its own cells)
[T-CELL ONTOGENY] There are 2 AREAS where SELECTION PROCESS occurs:
1. CORTEX: _____ development of T cell occurs: _____ selection happens: Weak or no binding: Cell _____; Moderate or strong binding: Cell _____.
2. MEDULLA: _____ development of T cell occurs: _____ selection happens: Weak or no binding: Cell _____; Moderate or strong binding: Cell _____.
There are 2 AREAS where SELECTION PROCESS occurs:
1. CORTEX: EARLIEST development of T cell occurs: POSITIVE selection happens: Weak or no binding: Cell DIES; Moderate or strong binding: Cell LIVES.
2. MEDULLA: LATER development of T cell occurs: NEGATIVE selection happens: Weak or no binding: Cell LIVES; Moderate or strong binding: Cell DIES.
[T-CELL ONTOGENY] Recall summary of POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SELECTION.
[T-CELL ONTOGENY] This is a SET OF MOLECULES displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for:
A. Lymphocyte Recognition
B. Antigen Presentation
C. Control mechanism of the immune response by recognition of “self” and “non-self” antigens.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
[T-CELL ONTOGENY] This is TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR expressed in the medulla and CONTROLS THE MECHANISM that prevents the immune system from attacking the body itself. Also, REGULATES GENE TRANSCRIPTION and ensure that no self-antigens will escape during negative selection to not cause autoimmune disroders.
Autoimmune Regulatory Gene/ Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE)
[B-CELL ONTONGENY] B-CELL MATURATION process involves 2 PHASES OF DIFFERENTIATION:
1. ______: Occurs in Bone Marrow; Progenitor B cells –> Immature B cells
2. ______: Occurs in Lymphoid tissue and Brain; B cells –> Plasma cells (Capable of releasing antibodies)
- ANTIGEN-INDEPENDENT PHASE: Occurs in Bone Marrow; Progenitor B cells –> Immature B cells
- ANTIGEN-DEPENDENT PHASE: Occurs in Lymphoid organs and Brain; B cells –> Plasma cells (Capable of releasing antibodies)
[B-CELL ONTONGENY] Recall STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY and STAGES OF B CELL DEVELOPMENT.
Is responsible for the B cell to undergo RECOMBINATION in order for it to create diversity and is expressed at the PRO-B CELL and PRE B-CELL and is re-expressed later on during IMMATURE B STAGE (E.g., RAG1 and RAG2).
Recombination-Activating Genes
