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Physics > P3: Energy resources > Flashcards

P3: Energy resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of energy resources

A

Non renewable
Renewable

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2
Q

What is a non renewable resource

A

Energy resources which run out on one day while being used. They do a lot of damage to the environment, however they are very reliable and are burnt to provide energy

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3
Q

What are the 4 non renewable resources

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear fuel

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4
Q

What is a renewable resource

A

Energy resources which are unlimited, they never ever run out while being used. They do not damage the environment as much as non renewable resources, however they are not all available depending on the weather conditions and are unreliable

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5
Q

What are the seven renewable resources

A

Solar
Wind
Waves
Tidal
Geothermal
Hydroelectricity
Biofuels

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6
Q

What can we use energy resources for

A

Transport
Fuel
Heat
Biofuel vehicles
Steam production
Petrol and diesel powered vehicles

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7
Q

What are the best resources for heating homes

A

Natural gas. Its widely used in the UK and we use the gas to heat water which is pumped into radiators throughout our home

Coal is burnt in fireplaces

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8
Q

How is a power station formed. Give the 7 steps on how to do so

A
  1. The fossil fuel has chemical potential energy
  2. Fossil fuels are burnt in the boiler and chemical potential energy is transferred as thermal energy
  3. In the boiler, thermal energy from the burning fuel heats water to make steam
  4. The steam has thermal and kinetic energy
  5. The steam transfers the kinetic energy to a steam turbine
  6. The steam turbine turns. It is connected to a generator which converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. This goes on to power our homes
  7. After passing through the turbine, waste steam is cooled back down into water and is recycled back into the boiler
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9
Q

How can we use non renewable resources efficiently for electricity

A

Coal and natural gas generate electricity by combustion. Uranium nuclear fission (nuclear power) utilises the heat for boiling water and rotating steam turbines.

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10
Q

Why are nuclear power plants commonly used

A

They produce a maximum power of 92%.

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11
Q

How can we use non renewable resources for heat

A

Fossil fuel power plants burn coal or oil to create heat which is used to generate steam to drive turbines, generating electricity.

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12
Q

How does nuclear fission work

A

When nuclear power originates from the splitting of uranium atoms. Then heat is generated to produce steam used by a turbine generator to generate electricity. Nuclear power plants don’t burn fuel or produce greenhouse gas emissions

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13
Q

What are the advantages of wind power

A

No fuel costs
Minimal running costs
They produce electricity 70 to 85% of the time
There is no pollution

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind power

A

It is noisy
Can spoil view or scenery
Impossible to increase supply with the extra demand
Depending on the conditions, it many not always work
High initial costs
If theres no windy conditions, the wind turbines will stop

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15
Q

What are the advantages of solar power

A

No pollution
In sunny conditions, it is a reliable source of power
Cost effective
Energy is free after initial costs
Good source of energy for changing batteries in calculators and watches
Don’t use much electricity

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of solar power

A

Used in remote places
Very expensive
High initial costs
Generate electricity on a small scale
Only works in daytime
Power output cannot be increased with high demand

17
Q

What are the advantages of geothermal power

A

Brilliant, free energy
Heats buildings directly
Generates electricity easily

18
Q

What are the disadvantages of geothermal power

A

Not a lot of places to do this
High costs for power plants

19
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectricity

A

No pollution
Rainwater can pass out, so doesn’t affect hydroelectricity
Placed in remote valleys to reduce human impact
Good reliability
Provides an immediate response to increased demand for electricity
Useful way to generate electricity on a small scale in remote areas
No fuel costs
Minimal running costs

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectricity

A

Flooding valleys rots vegetation and releases carbon dioxide and methane, can create loss of habitat for some species
Reservoirs look unsightly when dried up
High initial costs

21
Q

What are the advantages of wave power

A

No fuel costs
No running costs
Useful on small islands
No pollution

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of wave power

A

Fairly unreliable
Waves die out when wind drops
Unlikely to provide energy on a large scale
High initial costs
Disturbance of habitats of marine animals

23
Q

What are the advantages of tidal barrage power

A

No pollution
Water is allowed out through turbines at a controlled speed
Reliable in a sense they happen twice a day, with no fail and near a predicted height
No fuel or minimal running costs
Generates a significant amount of energy

24
Q

What are the disadvantages of tidal barrage power

A

Moderately high initial costs
Don’t work when the water level is the same on the other side of the barrage, and due to tides, it happens four times a day
Prevents free access by boats
Spoils the view
Ruins habitats for animals

25
Q

What are the advantages of biofuels

A

They are carbon neutral
Reliable as crops take a short time to grow, and different crops can be grown all year round
Produced and stored for when needed
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of biofuels

A

High costs
Growing crops means not enough space or water to meet demands for crops that are grown for food
When biofuels are burnt, we release CO2 into the atmosphere
Decay and burning of vegetation increases methane and carbon dioxide emissions
Doesn’t respond to immediate energy demands
A rumour is spread where if we keep growing plants, at the same rate we are burning things

27
Q

What is wind power

A

Generates electricity from wind turbines

28
Q

What is solar power

A

Energy emitted by the Sun

29
Q

What is wave power

A

Uses small wave powered turbines around the coast to generate electricity

30
Q

What are tidal barrages

A

Generate electricity by using the sun and moon’s gravity

31
Q

What is hydroelectricity

A

Uses falling water and floods a valley to build a dam

32
Q

What are biofuels

A

Biofuels provide energy just like non renewable resources and are made from plant and waste

33
Q

What is geothermal power

A

Energy from underground. Uses thermal energy stores underground

Physics (7 decks)

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