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GCSE Physics 🪐 > 🍂 P3: Conservation Of Energy > Flashcards

🍂 P3: Conservation Of Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an energy store?

A

Energy that an object can have

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2
Q

What is an energy transfer?

A

Energy that only exists when energy is being moved

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3
Q

What are the 6 energy stores?

A

Gravitational Potential
Elastic potential
Thermal
Kinetic
Chemical
Nuclear

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4
Q

What are the 5 energy transfers?

A

Work done
—> by forces
—> against electrical resistance

By radiation
—> sound
—> light
—> heating

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5
Q

What happens to wasted energy?

A

Ends up dissipated into the environment and as a thermal store (air gets slightly warmer)

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6
Q

What is the principle of energy conservation?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or stored

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7
Q

What is the efficiency equation?

A

Useful energy out
—————————
Total energy in

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8
Q

State an example of energy transfers happening:

A
  1. An object moving up a slope
    Store= kinetic—> transfer= work done—> store= GPE
  2. Bringing water to the boil
    Store= n/a —> transfer= heating, electrical—> store= thermal
  3. Car braking
    Store= kinetic—> transfer = work done against friction—> store= thermal
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9
Q

State the equation for GPE:

A

GPE= Mass X Gravity X Height

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10
Q

State the equation for Kinetic energy:

A

KE = 1/2 X Mass X Velocity squared

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11
Q

What does efficiency mean?

A

The proportion of useful energy coming out compared to the energy put in

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12
Q

What is the unit for GPE/Kinetic energy?

A

J (joules)

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13
Q

What are some ways to keep a house warm?

A

Cavity walls
Loft insulation
Double glazed windows
Thicker walls
Carpets

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14
Q

What does a good insulator do?

A

Stops conduction, convection and IR radiation

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15
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

How easily a certain material loses its heat energy

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16
Q

High thermal conductivity=

A

Material will cool quickly

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17
Q

What is an insulator?

A

A material that keeps its heat

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18
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is how thermal energy travels through solids. In a solid, the particles are tightly packed together in fixed positions. The particles are close together, vibrating in fixed positions. As the solid is heated, thermal energy is transferred into kinetic energy in the particles.

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19
Q

What is radiation?

A

Radiation involves transfer of heat via infra red waves, unlike thermal conduction and convection which need the vibration or movement of particles. This means radiation can occur in a vacuum, where there are no particles of matter. The sun provides heat to the earth due to radiation.

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20
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy

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21
Q

Why is a vacuum good?

A

Prevents conduction and convection

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22
Q

Why is a rubber seal good?

A

Prevents conduction

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23
Q

See book to test on power stations

A
24
Q

How does kinetic energy work?

A

Energy in a moving object

25
Q

How does GPE work?

A

Energy from being high up in a gravitational field

26
Q

How does sound energy work ?

A

Energy passed through pressure waves

27
Q

How does light energy work ?

A

Energy detected by our eyes

28
Q

How does thermal energy work?

A

Energy held in a hot object

29
Q

How does heating work?

A

Energy moved by conduction, convection or IR radiation

30
Q

How does chemical energy work?

A

Energy held in the bonds of different molecules

31
Q

How does nuclear energy work?

A

Energy holding atoms together

32
Q

How does Elastic potential energy work?

A

Energy in something stretched or compressed

33
Q

How does electrical energy work?

A

Energy from the movement of electrons

34
Q

State 4 points on the changing use of energy resources in the UK:

A
  1. Coal has decreased to virtually nothing, from being the main source of energy, as it releases CO2 and contributes to global warming
  2. Renewable energy has increased as they are renewable and better for the environment
  3. Gas is 1/3 of our energy resources
  4. Wind and solar is increasing as they are renewable and clean
35
Q

provides cheap power with well-known technology, but produces CO2 (a greenhouse gas) as well other particulates that lead to poor air quality?

A

Coal

36
Q

Is expensive is to build and has ecological impact, but is renewable and reliable?

A

Tidal
Hydroelectric

37
Q

Is renewable and relatively cheap, but isn’t reliable and people don’t like the look of them on the whole?

A

Wind

38
Q

Is not renewable, but is unlikely to run out any time soon; however, it has very bad PR and is incredibly expensive? It also does not release CO2, which is good…

A

Nuclear

39
Q

Is renewable, can be put anywhere including on micro scale (ie not whole power stations), but is unreliable and takes up lots of space if you want a decent output?

A

Solar

40
Q

Is of interest to the UK in terms of a connection to Iceland, but we can’t build them ourselves? Renewable, reliable…

A

Geothermal

41
Q

Is widely used in the UK, as we have our own fuel source, and also has a quick start-up time so we can get them online when everyone turns their kettles on, BUT are non-renewable, getting more expensive?

A

Gas

42
Q

Is renewable, and can be built to STORE ENERGY by using pumps when there’s not much demand…

A

Hydroelectric

43
Q

Is renewable, but very expensive, and requires very specific locations, but is reliable too…

A

Tidal

44
Q

Is renewable, and is CARBON NEUTRAL, but does release CO2, and fuel supply is a problem if you’re thinking of scaling up?

A

Biomass

45
Q

State 2 ways that coal is harmful to the environment:

A
  1. Release CO2 —> global warming
  2. Creates smog—> Respiratory problems
46
Q

State what happens to the wasted energy:

A

Dissipated to the surroundings

47
Q

In what way does the thickness of a material affect how good an insulator it is?

A

Air gets trapped

48
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable ?

A

No

49
Q

Are nuclear power stations renewable?

A

No

50
Q

Are biomass power stations renewable?

A

Yes

51
Q

Are wind power stations renewable?

A

Yes

52
Q

Are wave power stations renewable?

A

Yes

53
Q

Are tidal power stations renewable?

A

Yes

54
Q

Are hydroelectric power stations renewable?

A

Yes

55
Q

Are geothermal power stations renewable?

A

Yes

56
Q

Are solar power stations renewable?

A

Yes

GCSE Physics 🪐 (2 decks)

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