P3

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

Solids
Liquids
Gases

Question 2

What is particle theory?

Answer 2

All things are made up of tiny balls (called particles) you can explain matter by how these balls move and the forces between the,

Question 3

What is a solid?

Answer 3

Have strongforces of attraction hold the particles close in a fixed , regular arrangement. Particles dont have much energy so they can only vibrate about their fixed positions

Question 4

What is a liquid?

Answer 4

Weaker forces of attractjon between particles. The particles are close together , but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements. They have more energy than the particles in a solid , they move in random directions at a low speed.

Question 5

What are gases?

Answer 5

Almost no forces of attraction . The particles have more energy than in liquids and solids. They’re free to move , and are constantly moving in random directions and speed

Question 6

What is the temperature related too in a gas?

Answer 6

The average kinetic energy of the particles in the gas. Higher the temperature , the higher the average energy.

Question 7

Features of gas particles?

Answer 7

• free to move around. As they move they bang into each other and what ever else gets in the way.
• when they collide with something , they exert a force
• pressure is the force exerted per unit area
• in sealed contain , outward gas pressure is the total force exerted by all of the particles in the gas on a unit area of the container walls

Question 8

What happens if you increase the temperature of a gas?

Answer 8

Transfers energy into the kinetic energy store of its particles

Question 9

What happens if the kinetic energy of particle increases?

Answer 9

The speed of the particles increases

Question 10

How does temperature effect pressure?

Answer 10

Increase in temperature increases pressure

Question 11

How is there an increase in oressure when a gas is heated?

Answer 11

Particles travelling quicler , means they hit the sides of the container more often
-each particle also has a larger momentum which means they exert a larger force when they collide.

Question 12

Equation for density?

Answer 12

Density = mass /volume

Question 13

What is density?

Answer 13

The compactness of a object. Relates to the mass off a substance to how much space it takes up.

Question 14

What is the unit of density?

Answer 14

Kg /m^3 or g/m^2

Question 15

What does the density of a object depend on?

Answer 15

What it is made off and how its particles are arranged

Question 16

How particles of dense material are arranged?

Answer 16

• particles packed tightly together.

- if you compress the material , its particles move closer and increase density

Question 17

How does density vary?

Answer 17

Different woth each state of matter. Solids ar generally denser than liquids, and hases are usually less dense than liquids

Question 18

What do particles in a system do?

Answer 18

Vibrate or move around , because they have kinetic energy stores. Also have energy in potential energy stores depending on their position

Question 19

Where is energy stores in a system?

Answer 19

Stored by its particles(atoms and molecules)

Question 20

What is the internal energy of a system?

Answer 20

Total energy that its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores

Question 21

How to increase the internal energy?

Answer 21

Heating the system transfers energy toits particles they gain kinetic energy and move faster , increasing the internal energy. This leads to an increase in temperature or state

Question 22

What does the temperature change depend on if a substance is heated?

Answer 22

Depends on the mass of the substance, what its made off(specific heat capacity) and energy input.

Question 23

When does a change of state occur?

Answer 23

If a substance is heated enough - particles will have enough energy in their kinetic energy stores to break bonds holding them togetehe

Question 24

What happens when you cool something?

Answer 24

Loses energy and forms bonds

Question 25

Solid to a liquid?

Answer 25

Melting

Question 26

Liquid to a solid?

Answer 26

Freezing

Question 27

Solid to a gas?

Answer 27

Sublimating

Question 28

Gas to liquid?

Answer 28

Condensing

Question 29

Liquid to a gas?

Answer 29

Boiling or evaporationg

Question 30

What happens when a change of state occurs?

Answer 30

Physical change rather than chemical . This means you dont end up with a new substance. It is the same substance just in a different form. If you reverse a change of state the substance will return to its original form. Number of particles does not change , they are just arranged differently , this means mass is conserved.

Question 31

How is mass conserved?

Answer 31

Doesnt change during changes of state.

Question 32

Change in thermal energy equation?

Answer 32

Mass x specific heat coacity x temperature change

Question 33

What is the specific heat capacity ?

Answer 33

Amount of wnergy required to raise the temperature of on kilogram of the substance by one degree celcisus. How difficult it is to heat something up.

Question 34

What is the specific latent heat capacity ?

Answer 34

Amount of energy required to change the state of on kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 35

How to work out the specific latent heat capacity

Answer 35

Mass x specific latent heat

Question 36

What is the latent heat of a substance?

Answer 36

Energy needed for a substance to change state

Question 37

What happens when a change of state occurs in terms of energy?

Answer 37

Energy supplied changes the energy stores(internal energy , but not the temperature .

Question 38

What is the specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 38

Energy needed to change state from a solid to a liquid

Question 39

What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?

Answer 39

Energy required to change state form a liquid to a gas