P3 Flashcards
What are the 3 primary engine limitations?
1)N1
2)TOT
3)Torque
3 prohibited maneuvers
1)Aerobatic maneuvers
2)Intentional full autorotational landings
3)Flight into icing conditions
Main transmission oil pressure limits
1.0 min
1.0-1.5 caution
5.0 max
Total useable fuel
1530lbs
UH72 Mast Moment limits
64% yellow
77% max, red circle
Starter times on battery
30 ON
60 OFF
30 ON
60 OFF
30 ON
30 min OFF
Main transmission oil temp operating limits
-10c-105c
Slope limitations
Left 11
Right 6
Nose up 8
Nose down 8
VNE autorotation
90 KTS
Engine oil pressure limits
1.3 min
1.3-1.5 caution
1.5-5.0 continuous
5.0 max
Power on rotor limits
85% max transient (20 sec)
96%
96%-104% max cont
106% (5 min max)
106% (12 sec)
VNE OEI
110 KTS
Maximum operating engine oil temp limit?
115c
Land as soon as practicable
Landing site and duration of flight are at discretion of pilot. Extended flight not recommended
Land as soon as possible
Land without delay at nearesy adequate site with safe approach/landing
Land immediately
Urgency of landing is paramount. Survival is primary consideration
OEI red circle split
OEI Transient Max 12 Sec
FLI: 14.0
Time: 12 Sec
TQ: 140%
AEO Red circle
AEO Transient Max 12 sec
FLI: 10.5
Time: 12 sec
TQ: 97%
Red split line
OEI 2.5 min power
FLI: 12.0
Time: 2.5min
TQ: 125%
TOT: 885
Yellow split line
OEI Max Continuous power
FLI: 11.0
TQ: 91.5%
TOT: 845
Solid Red line
AEO max take off power
FLI: 10.0
Time: 5 min
TQ: 88%
TOT: 845
Yellow arc
AEO take off power range
FLI: 8.5-10
Time: 5 Min
TQ: 71-88%
TOT: 845
White arc
TOT starting Range
Red solid triangle
TOT starting transient
FLI: 11.0
Time: 5 Sec
TOT: 865
Empty triangle
Max TOT starting
FLI: 8.5
TOT: 785
Hovering turns
less than 3200 45/sec
Grater than 3200 30/sec
When to update a PPC?
change in 5c, 500’ PA, or 200lbs
VNE spoiled doors
100 KIAS
VNE spoled rearward flight
15 KIAS
Powerplant system components
Axial Compressor w/ Gas Generator
Power turbine w/ Reduction gearbox w/ transmission shaft w/ accessory gearbox
Types of drag
Parasite- Non-lifting
Profile- Friction of blades
Induced- Production of lift, high AOA
IGE
In Ground Effect- Increased efficiency within 1 rotor disk
-Reduced vortices
-Reduced induced flow velocity
OGE
Out of Ground Effect
-Increased induced flow
-Increased AOI
-More drag=More power
Dissymmetry of lift
Difference in lift between advancing and retreating blades
-Prevention: Blade flapping and cyclic feathering
Bladeflapping
Advancing blade flaps up velocity at 3 o’clock which increases induced flow
Retreating flaps down, velocity at 9 o’clock which decreased induced flow
Blowback
Overall rotor disk tilted aft
Cyclic Feathering
Changes AOI of each blade differentially around the rotor system
Forward=Advancing AOA decreased, retreating AOA increased
Transverse Flow
10-20 KTS
-Front disk operates more horizontal flow of air and increases lift
-Difference in fore and aft lift causes unequal drag and vibration
Translating Tendency
Tail rotor thrust used to counteract torque effect, pushes helicopter right
Effective Translational Lift (ETL)
16-24 KTS
-Blades outrun downwash and operate in relatively clean air, increased efficiency
Settling with power
-Settles in own downwash
-Vortices at tip and inner blade
CONDITIONS:
-Vertical greater than 300ft/min
-Low speed below ETL
-20-100% power to rotor
Dynamic Roll Over
Lateral rolling tendency
CAUSES:
-Pivot point
-Rolling motion
-Exceeding critical angle
HUMAN FACTORS:
-Inattention
-Inexperience
-Inappropriate controls
-Failure to action
-Loss of visual reference
IIMC procedures
Announce
Attitude
Heading
Torque
Trim
Airspeed
Altitude
Transponder: 7700
avoid thunderstroms by how far?
20 NM
Stress
Non specific response of the body to demand
What are the 4 types of stress?
Psychosocial- Job, Illness, family
Environmental- Environment around
Physiological- Self-imposed (DEATH)
Cognative- Failure to focus on here and now
Define acronym DEATH
D-Drugs
E-Exhaustion
A-Alcohol
T-Tobacco
H-Hypoglycemia
Fatigue
State of being tired, weary, sleepy
Types:
1)Acute
2)Chronic
3)Motivational exhaustion
Hypoxia
Body lacks oxygen
Types hypoxia
1)Hypemic- Reduction in o2 carrying capacity
2)Hypoxic-Not enough o2
3)Histotoxic- Tissue cannot absorb o2
4)Stagnant- Inadequate circulation
Stages of hypoxic hypoxia
1) Indifferent- 0-10,000
2) Compensatory 10,000-15,000
3)Disturbance 15,000-20,000
4)Critical 20,000+
Spatial disorientation
Pilot’s erroneous perception of position, attitude, or motion to eath’s surface
3 types of spatial disorientation
1) Unrecognized- Pilot fails to recognize
2) Recognized- pilot perceives
3) Incapacitating- overwhelming
Treatment of SD
-Delay intuitive actions
-Refer to instruments
-Transfer controls
Exogenous Factors
12 HRS
-Anesthesia
-Alcohol
-Immunizations
-Simulator sickness
24 HRS
-Plasma
-Hypobaric
-Scuba
-Dunker
-Eye dilation
72 HRS
-Blood donation
-Hypobaric greater than FL180
4 Bodily systems
Visual- Orient
Vestibular- Inner ear
Somatosnesory- Pressure on joints, muscle, skin
Auditory- Hearing
Visual illusion
-Vection
-False Horizon
-Confusion w/ground lights
-Height/depth perception
-Crater Illusion
-Structural Illusion
-Fascination (fixation)
-Autokinesis
-Size- Distance illusion
-Size constancy- Difference in runways
Somatogravic illusion
Caused by acceleration
Oculoargravic illusion
Visual fixation
Somatogyral Illusion
Angular acceleration
-leans- turns
-Graveyard spiral- Rolls opposite
-Coriolis illusion- Prolonged turn
-Post roll- Roll after effect
Calibrated airspeed (CAS)
Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument installation error
Variation (VAR)
Angular difference between true north and magnetic north
Ground Speed (GS)
Speed of aircraft over the ground
True Airspeed (TAS)
Calibrated airspeed corrected for error due to air density
Magnetic Heading (MH)
Angle measured from magnetic North, clockwise to nose of aircraft
Track (TR)
The actual flight path over the ground, measured clockwise from true north
True Heading (TH)
Angle measured clockwise from True North.
Sum of TC +- DC
Drift Course (DC)
Correction applied to prevent drifting off course
True course (TC)
Measured from True North, Clockwise
PPR
Prior Permission Required
NOTAM
Notice To Air Mission
Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
Part of radar service program
-Participation not mandatory
SVFR
Special VFR
-ATC Clearance
-Less than 1,000 ft ceiling or 3 SM
-CC 1/2mile
Class G
-Uncontrolled
-Below 1,200 AGL
-Day 1sm, 1,000 above, 500 below, and 2,000 horizontal
Class E (Dash Magenta)
-SFC-17,999
-No CT
-1,200ft unless noted
-Below 10,000 MSL
3 SM, 1,000 above, 500 below, 2,000 horizontal
Class D (Blue Dash)
-SFC-2,500
-Two way comms prior to entering
-Must have CT
-3SM, 1,000 above, 500 below, 2,000 horizontal
Class C (Solid Magenta)
-20NM call ATC
-Two way comms
-5NM inner circle, 10NM outer circle
-3SM 1,000 above, 500 below, 2,000 horizontal
Class B (Solid Blue)
-SFC/10,000
-2 way coms prior to entry
-ATC clearance req
-3 SM CC
Class A
18,000 MSL
12NM off coast
MOA
Military operations area
MEF
Maximum Elevation Figure
RP
Right traffic pattern
*L
Lighting limitations exist
Elevation
MSL elevation of airport
MSL/(AGL)
VFR advisory
Shown when ATIS is not available
ASOS
Automated
Surface
Weather
Observing
System
Shadded C
Common traffic advisory freq
Military lighting
Green and double split white lights
Star above airport symbol
Sunset–>sunrise
Magenta labels
Do not have CTB
Blue labels
Has control tower
FAA Scale
1:500,000
Cruising ALT rule
0-180 odd + 500
180-360 even + 500
VOR measurement
5 deg/ea
Localizer measurement
1.25 deg/ea
GPS
enroute- 1NM ea
Term-.5 nm ea
App- .15 nm ea
