Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics 2 And 3 > P2.23456 > Flashcards

P2.23456 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What is the same as work done

A

Work done (j) = energy transferred )j)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is work done mainly transferred into against frictional forces

A

Heat energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What energy is stored in the object when work is done to change its shape

A

Elastic potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is kinetic energy

What is it dependent on

A

The energy an object has because of its movement

The mass of the object
The speed of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Steps of a pendulum swinging

A

Before its released it has gravitational potential energy but no kinetic energy
When it swings downward, the GPE coverts into kinetic energy
The pendulum swings back upwards and converts all the kinetic energy to GPE
The pendulum comes to a stop for a moment as it changes direction
It then swings back down and the energy is transferred to kinetic energy again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What would happen if there was no resistant forces in the pendulum process

What happen when there are resistive forces

A

It would keep repeating forever

Some energy is used to overcome the resistive force, producing heat. The pendulum comes to a halt after all it’s energy has been transferred into the surroundings as heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is momentum

What does it depend on

A

The measure of the state of motion of an object

The mass of the object
The velocity of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of safety precautions and breaking precautions in cars

A

Seat belts- they exert a force to counteract the momentum of the person wearing them

Crumple zone- an area of a car designed to crumple on impact and absorb some of the kinetic energy of the crash. Instead of coming to an immediate halt there will be more time during which the momentum is reduced

Air bags- distribute the force of impact more evenly over the upper body area and reduce the momentum of the body more gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are regenerative brakes better than friction brakes

A

Regenerative braking transfers the kinetic energy of the vehicle to electrical energy. In electric vehicles this is used to recharge the batteries and increases the overall efficiency of the vehicle because this energy can be reused rather than lost as heat to the surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens with electrons in static electricity

A

Static builds up when electrons (which have a negative charge) are rubbed off one material into another. The material receiving the electrons become negatively charged and the one giving up electrons becomes positively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens when two materials with the same type of charge are brought together

What happens when two materials with different types of charge are brought together

A

They repeal each other

They attract each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What substances allow electrical charge to flow easily through them

A

Conductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is electrical current

What does the amount of current flowing depend on

A

The flow of charge

The resistance of the bulb and the potential difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the potential difference tell us

A

How much work is done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does a bigger potential difference produce

A

A bigger current and more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a good conductor have

A

A larger number of free electrons so has a lower resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is potential difference measured in? How is it measured?

What is current measured in? How is it measured?

A

Measured in volts using a voltmeter

Measured in amps using an ammeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is resistance

A

A measure of how hard it is to get a current through a component at a particular potential difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does potential difference work in a series circuit

A

The PD supplied by the battery is divided up between the components in the circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does potential difference work in a parallel circuit

A

The potential difference across each component is the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a direct current like

What is alternating current like

A

It always flows in the same direction

It changes direction of flow back and forth continuously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the uks main supply voltage

A

230 volts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the inner cores of wires made of? Why?

What are the outer layers of wires made of? Why?

What are the pins of a plug made of? Why?

What are some appliances double insulated

A

Copper because it’s a good conductor

Flexible plastic because it is a good insulator

Brass because it’s a good conductor

So if there is only a singular fault it doesn’t lead to an exposed live connection

24
Q

What is a residual current circuit breaker

A

A device that automatically breaks an electric circuit if the circuit becomes overloaded

When a RCCB detects a fault it trips a switch to break the circuit much quicker than a fuse would. This makes an RCCB better at protecting users

25
Q

How do earth wires work

A

The outer case of an appliance is connected to the earth pin in the plug by the earth wire
If a fault in the appliance connects the live wire to the case, the case will become live. The current will then flow to earth through the earth wire because this offers least resistance
This overload of current will cause the fuse to melt, or the circuit breaker to trip

26
Q

What is an electric charge

What does it do

A

The rate of flow of charge

It transfers electrical energy from a battery or power supply to components in a circuit

27
Q

What does a resistor do

A

Transfers electrical energy into heat energy. The rate at which energy is transferred in a device is called the power

28
Q

What is the connection between potential difference and energy transfer

A

The greater the potential difference, the more energy transferred by every coulomb of charge

29
Q

Safety precautions with sockets

A

Electrical sockets are not allowed in bathrooms and should not be situated close to water supplies

Connecting multi- sockets extension leads together can overload the electrical system (if the fuse doesn’t work properly) could result in a fire

30
Q

What should you consider when choosing cables for different cables

A

The cable should be able to carry the maximum current without heating up

31
Q

What are the three parts of an atom

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

32
Q

What is the mass number

What is the atomic number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

The number of protons in an atom

33
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms do the same element with different numbers of neutrons

34
Q

What substances give out radiation from the nuclei of their atoms all the time

A

Radioactive substances

35
Q

What are the three types of radiation

A

Alpha- an alpha particle is a helium nucleus

Beta- beta particle is a high energy electron that is injected from the nucleus

Gamma- high frequency electromagnetic radiation

36
Q

What absorbs alpha

What absorbs beta

What absorbs gamma

A

Paper

Aluminium

Lead

37
Q

What are alpha and beta rays deflected by
Why?

Why are gamma rays not deflected?

A

Electric and magnetic fields because they are composed of charged particles

Because it is not made up of charged particles

38
Q

Why are alpha particles deflected less than beta particles

A

Because they are heavier

They are deflected in the opposite direction because their charge is the opposition of beta particles

39
Q

What are the 3 uses of radiation

A

Sterilisation- gamma rays can be used to sterilise medical instruments and food because they kill bacteria
Treating cancer- gamma rays can be used to kill cancerous cell
Controlling the thickness materials- the greater the thickness of the material, the greater the absorption of radiation. This can be used to control the thickness of some manufactured materials e.g. Paper

40
Q

How is radiation used in paper production

A

If the paper is too thick then less radiation passes through to the detector, and a signal is sent to the rollers which move closer together

41
Q

What can cause cancer

A

Damage to cells is organs

The larger the dose of radiation the greater the risk of cancer

42
Q

Why does alpha radiation cause the most damage

A

Because alpha radiation is easily absorbed by cells causing the most ionisation. Whereas beta and gamma radiation are less likely to be absorbed so cause less damage

43
Q

What does the half life of a radioactive isotope do

A

It provides information about the rate of radioactive decay

44
Q

What information does the half life provide

A

The average time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to halve
The average time it takes for the for the count rate of a sample containing the isotope to halve

45
Q

What are radioactive isotopes

A

Atoms with unstable nuclei that will eventually disintegrate and emit radiation

46
Q

How does alpha decay work

A

The original atom decays by ejecting an alpha particle from the nucleus. This particle is a helium nucleus. A new atom is formed after alpha decay

47
Q

How does beta decay work

A

The original atom decay by changing a neutron into a proton and an electron. This high energy electron, which is now ejected from the nucleus, is a beta particle. A new atom is formed after beta decay

48
Q

What is nuclear fusion

A

The joining together of two or more atomic nuclei to form a larger atomic nucleus. It takes a very high temperature to force the nuclei to fuse
It generally releases more energy than it uses which makes it self sustaining

49
Q

What is an example of nuclear fusion

A

The fusion of two heavy forms of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium)

50
Q

What is nuclear fission

A

The process of splitting large atomic nuclei. It is used in nuclear reactors to produce energy to make electricity. For fusion to occur the nucleus must first absorb a neutron. When fission occurs the nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei emitting two or three neutrons and releasing energy. The neutrons released can be absorbed by another uranium nucleus and cause a chain reaction

51
Q

How are stars formed

A

Gravitational attraction pulls clouds of gas and dust together to form a protostar. As this mass comes together it becomes hotter. Soon it becomes hot enough for hydrogen to fuse to form helium and a star is formed. This nuclear fusion releases massive amounts of energy and produces all the naturally occurring elements. Dust may also clump together to form larger masses and eventually planets

52
Q

How does a star remain stable

A

Balance of forces within it- radiation pressure of fusion and force of gravity equal long each other out

53
Q

What happens to a star the size of our sun at the end of its life

A

It will expand to be on a red giant
The red giant then cools down and collapses under its own gravity to become a white dwarf
A white dwarf slowly cools to become a black dwarf

54
Q

What happens to a star much bigger than our sun at the end of its life

A

It expands enormously to become red supergiants
The red supergiant then shrinks rapidly and explodes, releasing massive amounts of energy, dust and gas into space. This is called supernova. The remains the form a neutron star. This is the core of the star that remains after the explosion. A neutron star is made only of neutrons and is very dense

55
Q

How are black holes formed

What are they like

A

When the largest neutron stars collapse further

They are so dense that nothing can escape from their very strong gravitational field- not even light

Physics 2 And 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions