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Year 9 Physics > P2.1 Motion > Flashcards

P2.1 Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: acceleration

A

the change in velocity/change in time, measured in m/s2. IF THE SPEED AND/OR DIRECTION OF MOTION CHANGE…
… THE BODY IS ACCELERATING!

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2
Q

Define: average speed

A

total distance/total time, usually measured in m/s

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3
Q

Define: displacement

A

the distance from a point in a particular direction

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4
Q

Define: gradient

A

the degree of steepness of a graph at any point. Also called slope

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5
Q

Define: kinetic energy

A

the energy associated with a kinetic store

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6
Q

Define: kinetic store

A

energy in a kinetic store is associated with a moving object, calculated with: E = 1/2mv2

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7
Q

Define: scalar

A

a quantity that has magnitude (size) but no direction

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8
Q

Define: slope

A

slope measures the steepness of a line on a graph. Also called gradient

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9
Q

Define: ultrasound

A

sound with a frequency higher than human hearing (about 20 kHz), used in medicine, and for finding distances

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10
Q

Define: vector

A

a quantity that has direction as well as a magnitude (size)

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11
Q

Define: velocity

A

the speed in a particular direction, a vector

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12
Q

the speed equation

A

Speed=distance/time

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13
Q

Uniform speed

A

The speed stays constant for the whole journey.

➔ Speed calculated from distance and time is a single value.

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14
Q

Non uniform speed

A

NON-UNFORM
The speed changes and is not the same during the journey.
➔ Speed calculated from (total) distance and (total) time is
an average.

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15
Q

How many metres to a mile?

A

There are 1609m in a mile.

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16
Q

How many seconds to an hour?

A

There are 3600 seconds in an hour

17
Q

Vectors vs Scalars

A

SCALARS ONLY HAVE MAGNITUDE

VECTORS HAVE BOTH
A MAGNITUDE AND A DIRECTION

18
Q

Speed vs. Velocity

A

SPEED HAS ONLY MAGNITUDE.

VELOCITY HAS BOTH MAGNITUDE
AND DIRECTION

19
Q

Speed vs. Velocity During Circular Motion

A 
e speed of the plane stays the 
same.
 The velocity of the plane stays 
the same.
The speed of the of the object stays the same whilst the velocity 
continually changes.
20
Q

Distance vs. Displacement

A

DISTANCE
The length of the path travelled from A to B (size only = scalar).

DISPLACEMENT
The length of the shortest distance between 2 points
(size and direction = vector)

21
Q

Explain why temperature is a scalar?

A

Temperature only has a size, no direction.

22
Q

Adding Vectors

A

If vectors act in the same direction, you add them.
If vectors act in opposite directions, you subtract them.
You can only add/subtract vectors that either…
… act up and down
OR
… act left and right

23
Q

How to calculate relative velocity of body A to body B?

A

take the difference between the velocities

24
Q

How to calculate speed on a distant time graph?

A

The gradient of a line on a distance-time graph is equal to speed.

25
Q

Displacement-Time Graphs

A

A displacement-time graph shows how the displacement of an object changes with time. The gradient of a displacement time graph equals velocity (not speed)
Thus, the gradient of a displacement time graph can be zero, positive or negative (unlike distance-time graph). A negative gradient would represent a negative velocity (so indicates a reverse in direction)

26
Q

How to calculate the acceleration from a velocity time graph?

A

The gradient of a line on a velocity time graph is equal to acceleration

27
Q

How to calculate displacement from a velocity time graph

A

The area under a velocity time graph is displacement

28
Q

Equation of Motion that relates displacement, initial velocity, final velocity and time.

A

(v^2)– (u^2)= 2as

29
Q

Kinetic Energy EQUATION

A

E = ½ x m x v^2

30
Q

There are two ways to work out speed. If you divide the total distance travelled by the total time taken, you get the _____ speed. This _____ over the course of the journey. If you measure the speed over a very short time interval, you get the _____ speed. This _____ over the course of the journey. Speed and velocity are not the same thing. _____ is a measure of how fast you are moving, but _____ has a direction as well. Acceleration is a measure of how quickly the _____ is changing.

A

the average speed, stays the same

instantaneous speed, changes

speed, velocity

speed

31
Q

Which four of the following statements are correct?

1) A skater travelling 100 metres in 20 seconds has an average speed of 50 m/s.
2) A snail travelling 1 metre in 100 seconds has an average speed of 0.01 m/s.
3) A sprinter travelling 100 metres in 10 seconds has an average speed of 10 m/s.
4) A car travelling 200 miles in 5 hours has an average speed of 40 mph.
5) A lorry travelling 100 miles in 2 hours has an average speed of 50 mph.

A

2, 3, 4, 5

32
Q

A car that accelerates from 0 m/s to 30 m/s in 5 seconds has an acceleration of _____ m/s2.

A

6

33
Q

A rocket that accelerates from 0 m/s to 100 m/s in 5 seconds has an acceleration of _____ m/s2.

A

20

34
Q

A falling apple that accelerates from 0 m/s to 4 m/s in 0.4 seconds has an acceleration of _____ m/s2

A
35
Q

A submarine that accelerates from 0 m/s to 2 m/s in 40 seconds has an acceleration of _____ m/s2

A

0.05 m/s2.

36
Q

Sort these descriptions of distance–time (D/T) graphs and speed–time (S/T) graphs into three groups: those that appear as

a) a horizontal line
b) a diagonal line, or
c) neither.

1 - S/T graph: constant acceleration
2 - S/T graph: steady speed
3 - D/T graph: stationary object
4 - D/T graph: steady speed
5 - D/T graph: constant acceleration
6 - S/T graph: changing acceleration
A

a) 2, 3
b) 1, 4
c) 5, 6

37
Q

Which three of the following statements are correct?

1) Something that goes 1 km in two minutes is going faster than something that goes the same distance in three minutes.
2) Something that goes 10 m in four seconds is going slower than something that goes the same distance in three seconds.
3) Something that goes 20 m in two seconds is going faster that something that goes 50 m in 10 seconds.
4) Something that goes 50 km in 30 minutes is going faster that something that goes 100 km in 45 minutes.
5) Something that goes 10 m in two seconds is going slower that something that goes the 50 m in 10 seconds.

A

1, 2, 3

38
Q

a) A _____ m runner with an average speed of 5 m/s will run the distance in 40 seconds.
b) A runner who runs 26 miles in two hours has an average speed of _____ m/s.
c) A 400 m runner with an average speed of 8 m/s will run the distance in _____ seconds.
d) A 10 km runner with an average speed of 5 m/s will run the distance in _____ minutes and 20 seconds.

A

A) 200

B) 5.8

C) 50

D) 33 minutes and 20 seconds.

Year 9 Physics (6 decks)

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