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Physics: P2 > P2.1 Forces and their effects > Flashcards

P2.1 Forces and their effects Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when two objects interact?

A

The forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

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2
Q

What may a number of forces acting at a point be replaced by?

A

A single force that has the same affect on the motion as the original forces all acting together, this single force is called the resultant force

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3
Q

What may a resultant force acting on an object cause?

A

A change in its state of rest or motion

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4
Q

What happens if the resultant force acting on a stationary object is zero?

A

The object will remain stationary

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5
Q

What happens if the resultant force acting on a stationary object is not zero?

A

The object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force

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6
Q

What happens if the resultant force acting on a moving object is zero?

A

The object will continue to move at the same speed and in the same direction

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7
Q

What happens if the resultant force acting on a moving object is not zero?

A

The object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force

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8
Q

What is the acceleration of an object determined by?

A

The resultant force acting on the object and its mass

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9
Q

What is the equation for resultant force and acceleration?

A

a = F/m or F = m x a

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10
Q

What is the resultant force measured in?

A

Newtons, N

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11
Q

What is the mass measured in?

A

Kilograms, Kg

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12
Q

What is acceleration measured in?

A

Metres per second squared, m/s squared

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13
Q

What does the gradient of a distance-time graph represent?

A

Speed

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14
Q

How do you calculate speed on a distance-time graph?

A

vertical axis / horizontal axis (should be distance/time)

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15
Q

What is the velocity of an object?

A

It’s speed in a given direction

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16
Q

What is the equation for acceleration with velocity?

A

v - u
a = ——–
t

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17
Q

What is velocity measured in?

A

m/s

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18
Q

What does the v stand for?

A

Final velocity

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19
Q

What does the u stand for?

A

Initial velocity

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20
Q

What does the gradient on a velocity-time graph represent?

A

Acceleration

21
Q

How do you work out the acceleration from a velocity-time graph?

A

Vertical axis / horizontal axis

22
Q

How do you work out the distance from a velocity-time graph?

A

Work out the area beneath the line

23
Q

When a vehicle travels at a steady speed…

A

The resistive forces balance the driving force

24
Q

What are most resistive forces caused by?

A

Air resistance

25
Q

The greater the speed of a vehicle…

A

The greater the braking force needed to stop it in a certain distance

26
Q

The greater the speed of a vehicle…

A

The greater the stopping distance

27
Q

What is the stopping distance of a vehicle?

A

The sum of the distance the vehicle travels during the driver’s reaction time (thinking distance) and the distance it travels under the braking force (braking distance)

28
Q

What can a driver’s reaction time be affected by?

A

Tiredness, drugs, alcohol and sometimes distractions

29
Q

What happens when the brakes of a vehicle are applied?

A

The work done by the friction force between the brakes and the wheel reduces the kinetic energy of the vehicle and the temperature of the brakes increase

30
Q

What can a vehicle’s braking distance be affected by?

A

Adverse road and weather conditions and poor condition of the vehicle

31
Q

What do adverse road and weather conditions include?

A

Wet or icy conditions

32
Q

What does poor condition of the car entail?

A

Poor condition of the car’s brakes or tyres

33
Q

The faster an object moves through a fluid…

A

The greater the frictional force that acts upon it

34
Q

What will an object travelling through a fluid initially do?

A

Accelerate due to the force of gravity

35
Q

What will happen eventually when an object is travelling through a fluid?

A

The resultant force will be zero and the object will move at its terminal velocity, a steady speed

36
Q

Why do parachutes reduce terminal velocity?

A

Because their large surface area increases air resistance

37
Q

How do you calculate the weight of an object?

A

W = m x g

38
Q

What does g stand for?

A

The gravitational field strength

39
Q

What is gravitational field strength measured in?

A

Newtons per kilogram, N/Kg

40
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on earth?

A

10N/Kg

41
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons, N

42
Q

What may a force acting upon an object cause?

A

A change of shape of the object

43
Q

What will a force being applied to an elastic object, such as a spring, result in?

A

The object stretching and storing elastic potential energy

44
Q

For an object that is able to recover its original shape, where is elastic potential energy stored?

A

In the object when work is done on the object to change its shape

45
Q

What is the extension of a plastic object directly proportional to?

A

The force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded

46
Q

What is the equation to work out the force with a spring and extension?

A

F = k x e

47
Q

What does k stand for?

A

The spring constant in newtons per metre, N/m

48
Q

What does the e stand for?

A

Extension in metres, m

Physics: P2 (6 decks)

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