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My History Revision > (P2) Vietnam > Flashcards

(P2) Vietnam Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Guerrilla Warfare pamphlet written and by whom?

A

1937

Mao Zedong (Chinese leader)

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2
Q

What did Mao Zedong say about guerrilla warfare?

A

it was the way a smaller, weaker force could resist a larger, more powerful invader

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3
Q

what were the three phases of a guerrilla war?

A
  1. getting support of the people
  2. harassing and weakening the enemy
  3. driving the enemy out by conventional means
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4
Q

What years was the Vietnam war?

A

1964-1975

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5
Q

What colony was Vietnam a part of before WW2?

A

the French colony of Indo-china

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6
Q

When were the French driven out of Vietnam by the Japanese?

A

1941

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7
Q

What was the Viet Minh group?

A

a nationalist Vietnamese freedom fighters led by Ho Chi Minh

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8
Q

When was Vietnam declared an independent republic?

A

2 September 1945

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9
Q

What was the Geneva Agreement and when was is signed?

A

July 1954

Gave Vietnam independence from the French

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10
Q

Where was Vietnam divided under the terms of the Geneva Agreement?

A

between a communist north (Ho Chi Minh ruled)

and a ‘democratic’ south (Ngo Dinh Diem ruled)

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11
Q

What was the NLF and when was it formed?

A

1954

a patriotic movement to reunite the ‘vietcong’

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12
Q

What was the Saigon Military Mission?

A

a unit of about 1000 military advisers sent to Vietnam t train the ARVN in guerrilla warfare

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13
Q

When did Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc burn himself?

A

11 June 1963

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14
Q

Why did Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc burn himself?

A

in a protest against the ARVN whom attacked Buddhists

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15
Q

What was the domino theory?

A

the theory that if one country fell to communism, others would follow

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16
Q

When did the Americans get involved with the war?

A

end of July, 1964

American forced helped the ARVN carry out raids on North Vietnam

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17
Q

When was the Golf of Tonkin incident?

A

2 August 1964

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18
Q

What was the Golf of Tonkin incident?

A

North Vietnamese attacked USA battleships

However US president Johnson never believed they did, though he told congress differently

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19
Q

When did the congress allow Johnson to escalate US involvement?

A

7 August 1964

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20
Q

How was the Golf of Tonkin a turning point in US legal history?

A

it gave the president the power t wage war without a declaration f war by congress

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21
Q

How many soldiers did US send?

A

2.8 million

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22
Q

What was the stay ‘close to the belt’ tactic

A

performing hit-and-run raids and staying close to US troops so it was difficult for us to bomb them

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23
Q

How many US troops died?

A

58,000

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24
Q

What were some Guerrilla tactics?

A

carrying little so they can run at moments notice

no uniforms so they blended with villagers

had a network of underground tunnels

25
Q

What were the vietcong tunnels loaded with?

A

booby-traps

poisoned bamboo sticks and landmines (called bouncing Betty)

26
Q

How did the Guerrillas get their weapons?

A

from the North by the Ho Chi Minh Trail

27
Q

What was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

a bombing campaign in North Vietnam

they attacked identified targets, but after 1965 they looked for their own targets

28
Q

What is napalm?

A

a petrol jelly that sticks to the skin and burns

29
Q

What is Agent Orange?

A

a defoliant which stripped leaves off trees so Vietcong would find it harder to hide

30
Q

How many raids did the US make? Bomb dropped? Planes lost?

A

153,784 raids

864,000 tonnes of bombs dropped

922 planes lost

31
Q

How must money worth of damage was there? Casualties?

A

$370 million

90,000 casualties

32
Q

When was Operation Rolling Thunder called off?

A

November 1968

33
Q

What is the ‘hearts and minds’ theory?

A

Johnson always insisted that victory would come only if the USA won the ‘hearts and minds of Vietnamese people

34
Q

How did the Americans win the ‘hearts and minds’ of the Vietnamese people?

A

they built schools, roads and sewers and provided medical aid

35
Q

What was the search and destroy us strategy?

A

small groups of soildiers would go out looking for VC units (usually they were bait) where VC would attack, but then Napalm would be sprayed

36
Q

what was ‘body count’

A

the way americans measured success in terms of the number of VC killed

37
Q

When and how did American morals fall?

A

1971

by media reports, search and destroy missions were morale destroying

38
Q

How many soldiers went AWOL, and when?

A

in 1970

18 per cent. there was 425 cases of’fragging’

39
Q

What was the average age of US soldiers?

A

19 years old

40
Q

What were ‘Zippo raids’

A

US troops set fire to Vietnamese homes

41
Q

When was the Tet Offensive?

A

January 1968

42
Q

What was the Tet Offensive?

A

the 48th VC battalion retreated to a village of Son My which was know to be the Vietcong fortress’

leaflets warned all non-VC to flee

43
Q

What happened in the My Lai Massacre

A

American troops burnt houses and killing innocent villagers.

70-80 people were taken to a ditch and shot

44
Q

What happened if soldiers refused to shoot in the My Lai massacre?

A

Calley would take their guns and shoot for them

45
Q

What was media reporting first like in USA

A

generally supportive, they praised the was a ‘a remarkable US military effort’

46
Q

When was the My Lai Massacre finally reported?

A

November 1969, a year after the incident

47
Q

Who was punished for the Massacre?

A

Calley, he served 3 days of a life sentence then was put under house arrest for 3 years

48
Q

What was the reactions towards the massacre?

A

79 per cent disapproved of Calley’s court martial

20 per cent refused to accept that what he had done was wrong

49
Q

What was the soilders of the massacre know as

A

baby killers

50
Q

what times were reportings pro-american

A

before 1968

51
Q

How did schools protest?

A

Vietnam Day Committee organised a 36-hour ‘teach-in’ against the war at the university of california

30,000 students attended

52
Q

How did soilders protest?

A

burning draft cards

53
Q

How did civilians protest?

A

mass street marches

100,000 anti-war protesters marched to the Lincoln Memorial in DC.

They wereattacked by police, 647 arrests

54
Q

how much did the war cost a year

A

$20 billion

55
Q

How did Muhammas Ali comment on the war

A

‘No Vietcong ever called me ni**er’

56
Q

how did the percentage change of people who thought the war was wrong

A

1965, 24 percent thought it was wrong

1967, 41 percent

1970 56 per cent

57
Q

when was the kent state bombing

A

4 may 1970

4 students died

58
Q

what president tried to end the war

A

Nixon

59
Q

Who were the hawks of the war

A

20 May 1970, 100,000 new yorkers marched for the war

My History Revision (3 decks)

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