(P2) Vietnam

Question 1

When was the Guerrilla Warfare pamphlet written and by whom?

Answer 1

1937

Mao Zedong (Chinese leader)

Question 2

What did Mao Zedong say about guerrilla warfare?

Answer 2

it was the way a smaller, weaker force could resist a larger, more powerful invader

Question 3

what were the three phases of a guerrilla war?

Answer 3

1. getting support of the people
2. harassing and weakening the enemy
3. driving the enemy out by conventional means

Question 4

What years was the Vietnam war?

Answer 4

1964-1975

Question 5

What colony was Vietnam a part of before WW2?

Answer 5

the French colony of Indo-china

Question 6

When were the French driven out of Vietnam by the Japanese?

Answer 6

1941

Question 7

What was the Viet Minh group?

Answer 7

a nationalist Vietnamese freedom fighters led by Ho Chi Minh

Question 8

When was Vietnam declared an independent republic?

Answer 8

2 September 1945

Question 9

What was the Geneva Agreement and when was is signed?

Answer 9

July 1954

Gave Vietnam independence from the French

Question 10

Where was Vietnam divided under the terms of the Geneva Agreement?

Answer 10

between a communist north (Ho Chi Minh ruled)

and a ‘democratic’ south (Ngo Dinh Diem ruled)

Question 11

What was the NLF and when was it formed?

Answer 11

1954

a patriotic movement to reunite the ‘vietcong’

Question 12

What was the Saigon Military Mission?

Answer 12

a unit of about 1000 military advisers sent to Vietnam t train the ARVN in guerrilla warfare

Question 13

When did Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc burn himself?

Answer 13

11 June 1963

Question 14

Why did Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc burn himself?

Answer 14

in a protest against the ARVN whom attacked Buddhists

Question 15

What was the domino theory?

Answer 15

the theory that if one country fell to communism, others would follow

Question 16

When did the Americans get involved with the war?

Answer 16

end of July, 1964

American forced helped the ARVN carry out raids on North Vietnam

Question 17

When was the Golf of Tonkin incident?

Answer 17

2 August 1964

Question 18

What was the Golf of Tonkin incident?

Answer 18

North Vietnamese attacked USA battleships

However US president Johnson never believed they did, though he told congress differently

Question 19

When did the congress allow Johnson to escalate US involvement?

Answer 19

7 August 1964

Question 20

How was the Golf of Tonkin a turning point in US legal history?

Answer 20

it gave the president the power t wage war without a declaration f war by congress

Question 21

How many soldiers did US send?

Answer 21

2.8 million

Question 22

What was the stay ‘close to the belt’ tactic

Answer 22

performing hit-and-run raids and staying close to US troops so it was difficult for us to bomb them

Question 23

How many US troops died?

Answer 23

58,000

Question 24

What were some Guerrilla tactics?

Answer 24

carrying little so they can run at moments notice

no uniforms so they blended with villagers

had a network of underground tunnels

Question 25

What were the vietcong tunnels loaded with?

Answer 25

booby-traps poisoned bamboo sticks and landmines (called bouncing Betty)

Question 26

How did the Guerrillas get their weapons?

Answer 26

from the North by the Ho Chi Minh Trail

Question 27

What was Operation Rolling Thunder?

Answer 27

a bombing campaign in North Vietnam they attacked identified targets, but after 1965 they looked for their own targets

Question 28

What is napalm?

Answer 28

a petrol jelly that sticks to the skin and burns

Question 29

What is Agent Orange?

Answer 29

a defoliant which stripped leaves off trees so Vietcong would find it harder to hide

Question 30

How many raids did the US make? Bomb dropped? Planes lost?

Answer 30

153,784 raids 864,000 tonnes of bombs dropped 922 planes lost

Question 31

How must money worth of damage was there? Casualties?

Answer 31

$370 million 90,000 casualties

Question 32

When was Operation Rolling Thunder called off?

Answer 32

November 1968

Question 33

What is the 'hearts and minds' theory?

Answer 33

Johnson always insisted that victory would come only if the USA won the 'hearts and minds of Vietnamese people

Question 34

How did the Americans win the 'hearts and minds' of the Vietnamese people?

Answer 34

they built schools, roads and sewers and provided medical aid

Question 35

What was the search and destroy us strategy?

Answer 35

small groups of soildiers would go out looking for VC units (usually they were bait) where VC would attack, but then Napalm would be sprayed

Question 36

what was 'body count'

Answer 36

the way americans measured success in terms of the number of VC killed

Question 37

When and how did American morals fall?

Answer 37

1971 by media reports, search and destroy missions were morale destroying

Question 38

How many soldiers went AWOL, and when?

Answer 38

in 1970 18 per cent. there was 425 cases of'fragging'

Question 39

What was the average age of US soldiers?

Answer 39

19 years old

Question 40

What were 'Zippo raids'

Answer 40

US troops set fire to Vietnamese homes

Question 41

When was the Tet Offensive?

Answer 41

January 1968

Question 42

What was the Tet Offensive?

Answer 42

the 48th VC battalion retreated to a village of Son My which was know to be the Vietcong fortress' leaflets warned all non-VC to flee

Question 43

What happened in the My Lai Massacre

Answer 43

American troops burnt houses and killing innocent villagers. | 70-80 people were taken to a ditch and shot

Question 44

What happened if soldiers refused to shoot in the My Lai massacre?

Answer 44

Calley would take their guns and shoot for them

Question 45

What was media reporting first like in USA

Answer 45

generally supportive, they praised the was a 'a remarkable US military effort'

Question 46

When was the My Lai Massacre finally reported?

Answer 46

November 1969, a year after the incident

Question 47

Who was punished for the Massacre?

Answer 47

Calley, he served 3 days of a life sentence then was put under house arrest for 3 years

Question 48

What was the reactions towards the massacre?

Answer 48

79 per cent disapproved of Calley's court martial 20 per cent refused to accept that what he had done was wrong

Question 49

What was the soilders of the massacre know as

Answer 49

baby killers

Question 50

what times were reportings pro-american

Answer 50

before 1968

Question 51

How did schools protest?

Answer 51

Vietnam Day Committee organised a 36-hour 'teach-in' against the war at the university of california 30,000 students attended

Question 52

How did soilders protest?

Answer 52

burning draft cards

Question 53

How did civilians protest?

Answer 53

mass street marches 100,000 anti-war protesters marched to the Lincoln Memorial in DC. They wereattacked by police, 647 arrests

Question 54

how much did the war cost a year

Answer 54

$20 billion

Question 55

How did Muhammas Ali comment on the war

Answer 55

'No Vietcong ever called me ni**er'

Question 56

how did the percentage change of people who thought the war was wrong

Answer 56

1965, 24 percent thought it was wrong 1967, 41 percent 1970 56 per cent

Question 57

when was the kent state bombing

Answer 57

4 may 1970 4 students died

Question 58

what president tried to end the war

Answer 58

Nixon

Question 59

Who were the hawks of the war

Answer 59

20 May 1970, 100,000 new yorkers marched for the war