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Geography > P2 - Rivers > Flashcards

P2 - Rivers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a river?

A

a flow of water from upland to lowland

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2
Q

What are the main parts of a river? e.g source

A

Source, mouth , tributary , confluence

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3
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

an area that is drained by a river

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4
Q

What are the 3 courses found in a river?

A

Upper,middle,lower

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5
Q

What is the long course of the river

A

river from source to mouth

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6
Q

What landforms can be found in the upper course

A

waterfalls, interlocking spurs, v shape valley

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7
Q

What landforms can be found in the middle course

A

meanders, ox-bow lakes

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8
Q

What landforms can be found in the lower course

A

meanders , floodplains , levees

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9
Q

How are rivers formed?

A

Rain falling on the ground anc creating a river channel (precipitation)

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of erosion? What do they do?

A

Hydraulic action - sheer pressure of the water
Attrition- makes sediment smoother , smaller rounder
Abrasion - acts like sandpaper
Solution - acidity of the water

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11
Q

Which process does not affect the landform of the river

A

attrition

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12
Q

What is erosion?

A

the breaking down and wearing away of rock

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13
Q

What other processes are found in a river?

A

deposition, transportation

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14
Q

What are the 4 ways sediment can be carried?

A

traction ,suspension ,solution ,saltation

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15
Q

What is traction ?

A

heavy rocks rolling along the bottom of the ocean

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16
Q

What is supension?

A

the sediment floats in the water

17
Q

What is saltation?

A

rocks bouncing along the bottom of the seabed

18
Q

What is solution?

A

sediment dissolves in the water and gets carried

19
Q

What happens to sediment when it gets further down the river?

A

It gets smaller ,smoother and rounder

20
Q

What are the shapes of the 3 courses?

A

upper- v shape
middle - u shape
lower - wide u shape

21
Q

What are the two different types of erosion?

A

Lateral and vertical

22
Q

How do we manage rivers?

A

Hard and soft engineering

23
Q

Give 4 examples of soft engineering methods for managing flood risks

A

Aforestaion, washland, restoration and floodplain retention

24
Q

Give 4 examples of hard engineering methods for managing flood risks

A

Walls, levees, flood relief channel, dredging

25
Q

Give pros of soft engineering

A

cheaper, sustainable, attractive, long term

26
Q

Give cons of soft engineering

A

trees take long time to grow

27
Q

Give pros of hard engineering

A

lasts long time, more effective

28
Q

Give cons of hard engineering

A

really expensive

29
Q

What is a confluence?

A

a point where multiple rivers meet

30
Q

What is a tributary

A

a smaller river that joins the main river stream

31
Q

Meanders: on the outside of the bend the current is faster/slower

A

faster

32
Q

Meanders: on the inside of the bend the current is faster/slower

A

slower

33
Q

Meanders: on the outside of the bend what occurs?

A

erosion (lateral)

34
Q

Meander: on the outside of the bend what occurs?

A

deposition

35
Q

How do waterfalls form?

A
  • more resistant rock over less resistant rock
  • less resistant rock erodes creating a step
  • overhang is created
  • overhang cannot withstand pressure, it breaks and rocks fall down
  • a plunge pool is created, hydraulic action and from falling rocks.
36
Q

What are the physical factors that affect hydrographs

A

Geology of the land - more resistant rock will absorb less rock than less resistant rock, run-off will be greater and faster

Soil type - impermeable and permeable soils, more run-off

Vegetation - more water absorbs if more vegetation planted

Slope - steeper causes more runoff reaches water more quickly

37
Q

What are the human factors that can affect hydrographs

A

land use change
deforestation
urbanisation
building on floodplains
not dredging

Geography (6 decks)

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